This article provides a specific structural analysis of units inherent in the lexical system of children's folklore in the Uzbek and English languages. The semantic range of units was studied based on examples of oral folk art characteristic of both nations.

This article analyzes the role of representative power in ensuring social solidarity and cohesion from philosophical and social perspectives. The study examines key functions of representative institutions, including communication, integration, legitimacy, justice, participation, and strategic governance. Drawing on the theories of Jürgen Habermas, Aristotle, and John Rawls, the paper highlights the importance of dialogue, equality, and fairness in democratic decision-making processes. Using the example of Uzbekistan, the article explores the significance of parliament in maintaining social stability and interethnic harmony. The findings demonstrate that representative power functions not only as a political institution but also as a complex socio-philosophical mechanism for sustainable societal development.

This article analyzes the theoretical, conceptual, and methodological foundations of studying the Uzbek diaspora in Turkey through a comprehensive and integrative approach. The study reinterprets the phenomenon of diaspora within both classical and contemporary scientific paradigms, synthesizing key concepts such as transnationalism, acculturation, social integration, social capital, and identity transformation within a unified analytical framework. The literature review indicates that although diaspora studies have significantly developed globally, the Uzbek diaspora in Turkey remains insufficiently explored through empirically grounded, multi-level, and methodologically integrated approaches. Therefore, this study proposes a conceptual and methodological model of diaspora formation based on a mixed-methods design. The proposed model conceptualizes diaspora processes as a dynamic system of interrelated macro (structural factors), mezo (social networks), and micro (individual level) dimensions. The findings demonstrate that the level of diaspora integration is directly associated with the intensity of transnational ties, the quality of social capital, and the institutional environment.

Twentieth-century philosophical anthropology emerged as a response to the crisis in human concepts during the rapid development of the natural and cultural sciences. This article examines the key ideas of one of the founders of this field, Helmut Plessner, centered on the concept of eccentric positionality as a fundamental characteristic of human existence.

The article analyzes the relationship between moral freedom and moral necessity from a philosophical perspective. The essence of freedom as an internal spiritual state of a person is revealed, and the issue of free will is illuminated in a historical and philosophical context. Based on the views of Socrates, Immanuel Kant, and Benedict Spinoza, the inextricable connection of moral freedom with the understanding of necessity is substantiated.

In order to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of the idea of ​​increasing student activity through the use of interactive technologies and to further improve it, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive, systematic and multifaceted analysis of this impact. Because activity as a pedagogical phenomenon is characterized not only by final results, but also by dynamic, procedural and qualitative changes occurring in the educational process itself. Therefore, assessing activity requires a methodological approach that reveals the internal mechanisms of the educational process, not limited to test results or grades.

This study investigates the kinematic and differential geometric properties of curve pairs on the unit sphere in three-dimensional Euclidean space that share a common geodesic normal direction. In particular, curvature relations between such curves undergoing rolling without slipping are analyzed. The transformations between their Sabban frames are derived, and the corresponding rotation angles associated with the rolling motion are characterized. Furthermore, the geodesic curvatures of the curves and the geometric relationships between them are examined. Mathematics Subject Classification: 53A04, 53A17, 53C22

The article investigates the structural and functional role of the Tashkent agglomeration as the principal driver of tourism market formation and development in Uzbekistan. By integrating agglomeration theory, central place theory, and tourism destination competitiveness frameworks, the study constructs a multi-level analytical model that positions the capital agglomeration as simultaneously a gateway node, an internal destination, and a spatial organizer of national tourism flows. The research draws on statistical data from the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Tourism Development, UNWTO regional reports, and the National Statistics Committee of Uzbekistan for the period 2017–2024. The analysis reveals that the Tashkent agglomeration concentrates approximately 64% of inbound international tourist arrivals, over 80% of licensed tourism enterprise activity, and 70% of national hotel accommodation capacity, confirming its primate role in the national tourism system.

This article discusses the importance of life as the most precious gift for a person, that a person lives only once in this mortal world, that it is important to be kind to oneself and others in order to make a good name for oneself. Since suicide has been occurring in any society and system for a long time, but this phenomenon, which used to occur mainly among adults, has recently become more and more “younger”, specialists and experts in various fields such as psychologists, educators, doctors, sociologists, and suicidologists may face difficulties in finding a solution. In Islam, life and death are interpreted as important stages of human existence. According to Islamic teachings, life is a testing ground for a person, through which a person determines his fate in the afterlife with his actions. Death is not the end, but a stage of transition to a new - eternal life. Therefore, life and death in Islam are inextricably linked, encouraging a person to goodness and the right path. In a hadith narrated by Thabit ibn Zahhak, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever kills himself with something in this world, he will be punished with the same thing on the Day of Judgment.” (Narrated by Imam Bukhari)

Currently, new pedagogical paradigms and approaches are being formed in the field of foreign language teaching methodology, requiring a fundamental revision of traditional, mainly teacher-centered and reproductive methods. These changes are closely related to the processes of globalization, the expansion of international communication, the increasing demand for foreign languages in the labor market, and the rapid development of information and communication technologies [Селевко, 2010]. As a result, the process of teaching a foreign language is considered not only as a mastery of grammatical rules and lexical units, but also as a complex pedagogical process aimed at the effective use of language in real communicative situations.

This article examines the prospects of Uzbek companies entering international stock exchanges in the context of global financial integration. Based on a comprehensive review of international and national academic literature, the study analyzes institutional, financial, banking, legal, and cultural factors influencing market access. The findings indicate that successful international listing requires not only financial readiness but also regulatory compliance, investor trust, and strategic adaptation to global market standards.

This article analyzes the policy of religious tolerance and interethnic relations in Uzbekistan (1991–2024) based on a chronological and systematic approach. It also covers the legal model formed on the basis of the Constitution and sectoral laws, as well as the main stages of the activities of state institutions. The scientific novelty of the article is that the religious-national policy during the period of independence is summarized on the basis of a three-stage development model, and the reforms after 2017 are justified as a separate historical stage. The dynamics of growth in the activities of religious organizations and national cultural centers are also analyzed based on historical and statistical data. The results of the study show that the policy of religious tolerance in Uzbekistan has developed consistently, based on the principles of legal equality, institutional governance, and social balance. This policy is considered an important factor in strengthening interfaith harmony and interethnic harmony.