This article examines the linguistic expression of national-cultural concepts in Spanish and Portuguese from comparative-linguistic and linguocultural perspectives. The relevance of the study is grounded in the intrinsic relationship between language and culture, as well as the manifestation of the national worldview through lexical, phraseological, paremiological, and metaphorical units. The study analyzes the linguistic expression of concepts carrying national-cultural significance—such as "home/family," "work," "luck," "friendship," "religion," "Homeland," and "human relationships"—in both Spanish and Portuguese. The research methodology incorporates comparative, descriptive, semantic, linguocultural, conceptual, and contextual analysis techniques. The results indicate that while Spanish and Portuguese share similar conceptual models stemming from common historical and cultural experiences, there are significant differences in their specific linguistic realizations, metaphorical imagery, pragmatic characteristics, and associated national connotations. Paremiological units, in particular, emerge as vital linguistic tools for expressing the national worldview. The findings hold practical significance for comparative linguistics, linguocultural studies, translation studies, and the teaching methodology of Spanish and Portuguese.

This article analyzes the psychological conditions for developing professional motivation among future foreign language teachers, based on a four-block pedagogical model (motivational, content, procedural, and outcome-based) developed by the author within her own research. The psychological mechanisms of professional motivation are examined not as an isolated list but through their internal interconnection and concrete manifestations in the process of pedagogical practice. The proposed conceptual table shows how each psychological condition manifests within its corresponding pedagogical block, bringing the theoretical analysis closer to practice.

This article argues that the "social image" and "spiritual image" of a person are of great importance in the development of society in the formation of a national character in the transformation of mentality in the modernization of Uzbek society. Also, the spiritual image of a person is a set of spiritual characteristics that express a person’s inner world, moral qualities, beliefs, worldview, morality, conscience and attitude towards others. It is revealed that it is manifested in a person’s thoughts, words and deeds.

This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.

This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.

This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.

This article discusses the issues of improving the physical fitness of 16-year-old football players during the general training phase of the training period. The study analyzed the impact of scientifically based optimization of the volume and intensity of physical loads during the organization of training on the speed, strength, endurance and general physical fitness indicators of football players. The results obtained show that planning training loads in accordance with individual characteristics and the stage of training is an important factor in increasing sports performance.

This article analyzes the relationship between Being and humanity in Martin Heidegger's "Letter on Humanism." It explores the philosophical foundations of his critique of traditional humanism, the specific understanding of human essence, and the role of language as a space for the revelation of Being. It demonstrates that humanity is viewed not as the center of existence, but as one called to preserve the truth of Being. Hermeneutic and comparative philosophical methods are employed. The results demonstrate the relevance of Heidegger's ideas for contemporary understanding of human identity and spiritual values ​​in the context of global transformations. Keywords: Being, humanity, humanism, language, existence, Heidegger, philosophical anthropology.

This article discusses the pedagogical possibilities of using digital assessment tools for quick and objective assessment of students' knowledge in history lessons. In particular, the mechanism of operation of the Plickers platform, the methodology for using it in teaching history, its advantages and some limitations are analyzed. The research used methods of pedagogical observation, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, comparison, and modeling of a model lesson situation. The stages of organizing formative assessment using Plickers were developed on the examples of the topics "Amir Temur's State", "World War I", "World War II", and "Europe in the Middle Ages". According to the results of the analysis, the platform allows you to increase student activity in the lesson, determine the level of mastery of the topic in real time, save individual results, and justify the teacher's subsequent pedagogical decisions. Since Plickers does not require a separate mobile device from students, it is a convenient digital assessment tool that can be used even in classes with limited technical capabilities.

This article investigates the specific problems, theoretical foundations, and innovative solutions of teaching Alisher Navoi's ghazals in secondary schools, specifically based on the experience of general education school No. 4 in the Oqoltin district of the Syrdarya region, using the international IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) standard. During the research, interactive pedagogical technologies, a specialized system of working with a dictionary, and cognitive approaches were tested to develop students' skills in understanding and analyzing classical texts. The obtained results demonstrated that the analytical-logical approach is highly effective compared to the traditional memorization methodology.

Mazkur maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalarning huquqiy madaniyatini rivojlantirishning pedagogik asoslari ilmiy-nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda huquqiy madaniyatning mazmun-mohiyati, uning talaba shaxsini har tomonlama rivojlantirishdagi o’rni hamda zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida huquqiy ong va huquqiy tafakkurni shakllantirishga xizmat qiluvchi pedagogik omillar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, ta’lim jarayoniga innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalarni joriy etish, kompetensiyaviy yondashuv, interfaol ta’lim metodlari va ma’naviy-ma’rifiy faoliyatning huquqiy madaniyatni rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalarning huquqiy madaniyatini rivojlantirish samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in higher education, reshaping the ways in which students acquire knowledge and develop language skills. Among recent AI-driven innovations, ChatGPT has attracted considerable attention for its ability to facilitate interactive, personalized, and context-sensitive language learning. Vocabulary knowledge, as a fundamental component of lexical competence, plays a central role in learners' communicative ability, reading comprehension, writing proficiency, and overall language development. Despite growing interest in AI-assisted language learning, empirical research examining the contribution of ChatGPT to vocabulary development remains limited, particularly within the context of higher education in developing countries. The present study investigates the potential of ChatGPT as an instructional tool for enhancing English lexical competence among university students. Specifically, the study explores how AI-assisted vocabulary learning supports vocabulary acquisition, contextual word usage, collocation development, lexical retention, and learner autonomy. Employing a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, the research proposes comparing students who receive ChatGPT-supported vocabulary instruction with those who follow conventional vocabulary learning approaches. Data collection includes vocabulary achievement tests, learner perception questionnaires, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data are analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative findings provide deeper insights into students' experiences and attitudes toward AI-assisted learning. The study is expected to contribute to the growing body of literature on artificial intelligence in language education by providing evidence of ChatGPT's pedagogical value in vocabulary instruction. Furthermore, the findings may assist educators, curriculum designers, and higher education institutions in integrating generative AI technologies into English language teaching in an effective, ethical, and learner-centered manner.