This article discusses the issues of improving the physical fitness of 16-year-old football players during the general training phase of the training period. The study analyzed the impact of scientifically based optimization of the volume and intensity of physical loads during the organization of training on the speed, strength, endurance and general physical fitness indicators of football players. The results obtained show that planning training loads in accordance with individual characteristics and the stage of training is an important factor in increasing sports performance.

This article analyzes the relationship between Being and humanity in Martin Heidegger's "Letter on Humanism." It explores the philosophical foundations of his critique of traditional humanism, the specific understanding of human essence, and the role of language as a space for the revelation of Being. It demonstrates that humanity is viewed not as the center of existence, but as one called to preserve the truth of Being. Hermeneutic and comparative philosophical methods are employed. The results demonstrate the relevance of Heidegger's ideas for contemporary understanding of human identity and spiritual values ​​in the context of global transformations. Keywords: Being, humanity, humanism, language, existence, Heidegger, philosophical anthropology.

This article discusses the pedagogical possibilities of using digital assessment tools for quick and objective assessment of students' knowledge in history lessons. In particular, the mechanism of operation of the Plickers platform, the methodology for using it in teaching history, its advantages and some limitations are analyzed. The research used methods of pedagogical observation, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, comparison, and modeling of a model lesson situation. The stages of organizing formative assessment using Plickers were developed on the examples of the topics "Amir Temur's State", "World War I", "World War II", and "Europe in the Middle Ages". According to the results of the analysis, the platform allows you to increase student activity in the lesson, determine the level of mastery of the topic in real time, save individual results, and justify the teacher's subsequent pedagogical decisions. Since Plickers does not require a separate mobile device from students, it is a convenient digital assessment tool that can be used even in classes with limited technical capabilities.

This article investigates the specific problems, theoretical foundations, and innovative solutions of teaching Alisher Navoi's ghazals in secondary schools, specifically based on the experience of general education school No. 4 in the Oqoltin district of the Syrdarya region, using the international IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) standard. During the research, interactive pedagogical technologies, a specialized system of working with a dictionary, and cognitive approaches were tested to develop students' skills in understanding and analyzing classical texts. The obtained results demonstrated that the analytical-logical approach is highly effective compared to the traditional memorization methodology.

Mazkur maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalarning huquqiy madaniyatini rivojlantirishning pedagogik asoslari ilmiy-nazariy va amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda huquqiy madaniyatning mazmun-mohiyati, uning talaba shaxsini har tomonlama rivojlantirishdagi o’rni hamda zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida huquqiy ong va huquqiy tafakkurni shakllantirishga xizmat qiluvchi pedagogik omillar yoritilgan. Shuningdek, ta’lim jarayoniga innovatsion pedagogik texnologiyalarni joriy etish, kompetensiyaviy yondashuv, interfaol ta’lim metodlari va ma’naviy-ma’rifiy faoliyatning huquqiy madaniyatni rivojlantirishdagi ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Maqolada oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalarning huquqiy madaniyatini rivojlantirish samaradorligini oshirishga qaratilgan ilmiy-amaliy tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in higher education, reshaping the ways in which students acquire knowledge and develop language skills. Among recent AI-driven innovations, ChatGPT has attracted considerable attention for its ability to facilitate interactive, personalized, and context-sensitive language learning. Vocabulary knowledge, as a fundamental component of lexical competence, plays a central role in learners' communicative ability, reading comprehension, writing proficiency, and overall language development. Despite growing interest in AI-assisted language learning, empirical research examining the contribution of ChatGPT to vocabulary development remains limited, particularly within the context of higher education in developing countries. The present study investigates the potential of ChatGPT as an instructional tool for enhancing English lexical competence among university students. Specifically, the study explores how AI-assisted vocabulary learning supports vocabulary acquisition, contextual word usage, collocation development, lexical retention, and learner autonomy. Employing a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, the research proposes comparing students who receive ChatGPT-supported vocabulary instruction with those who follow conventional vocabulary learning approaches. Data collection includes vocabulary achievement tests, learner perception questionnaires, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data are analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative findings provide deeper insights into students' experiences and attitudes toward AI-assisted learning. The study is expected to contribute to the growing body of literature on artificial intelligence in language education by providing evidence of ChatGPT's pedagogical value in vocabulary instruction. Furthermore, the findings may assist educators, curriculum designers, and higher education institutions in integrating generative AI technologies into English language teaching in an effective, ethical, and learner-centered manner.

This article analyzes the historical and ethnographic foundations of traditional family values and religious customs formed in the Surkhandarya Oasis, as well as the processes of their contemporary transformation. It highlights the role of Uzbek family values, oral folk traditions, national customs, and the teachings of Islam in the system of family upbringing. Furthermore, the study provides a scientific analysis of the changes observed in family values and religious customs in the Surkhandarya Oasis under the influence of globalization, urbanization, labor migration, and the development of information and communication technologies. The findings indicate that family values continue to preserve their spiritual and moral significance under contemporary conditions and remain an important factor in educating the younger generation in the spirit of national and universal human values.

This article examines the reproduction of Orientalist narratives in British media discourse and political rhetoric in the post-Brexit era. Drawing upon Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism, the study analyzes the mechanisms through which the image of the “Other” is constructed in contemporary British media and political communication. Particular attention is devoted to migration issues, international security, and the transformation of the United Kingdom’s foreign policy identity following its withdrawal from the European Union. The research employs discourse analysis, comparative analysis, and a postcolonial theoretical framework. The findings demonstrate that despite significant changes in official foreign policy rhetoric, Orientalist representations continue to exert considerable influence on public perceptions and the construction of British foreign policy identity.

This study evaluates the economic efficiency of no-code development platforms using mathematical modelling and comparative scenario analysis. Traditional and no-code development approaches are compared in terms of initial cost, maintenance cost, development time, productivity, return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), and approximate payback period. The analysis assumes a six-month evaluation horizon, a gross economic benefit of USD 4,500, and a 10% discount rate. The results indicate that the no-code approach reduces total six-month costs by 85% and development time by 83.3%. The calculated ROI equals 40.6% for traditional development and 837.5% for no-code development. The corresponding NPV values are USD 890.9 and USD 3,610.9. These findings suggest that no-code tools may provide substantial economic advantages for repetitive, standardized, and moderately complex business processes, although platform dependence and limited support for complex algorithms remain important constraints.

In the digital age, access to information and communication technologies — particularly the internet — is widely believed to support economic development. However, the empirical relationship between internet penetration and economic growth remains debated. This study uses a cross-country dataset (2010–2023) compiled from World Bank Development Indicators and complemented by a Kaggle-sourced ICT dataset. Employing Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, the analysis examines whether internet usage per 100 people significantly predicts GDP per capita growth. Results show a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship, even after controlling for education and capital formation. The coefficient for internet users is 0.021 (p<0.01), indicating that a one percentage point increase in internet penetration is associated with a 2.1% increase in GDP per capita. Diagnostic tests confirm that the model satisfies key Gauss-Markov assumptions, including normality (Shapiro-Wilk p = 0.281), homoskedasticity (Breusch-Pagan p = 0.143), and no multicollinearity (mean VIF = 1.80). These findings suggest that expanding digital infrastructure is a meaningful policy lever for economic development, particularly for emerging economies like Uzbekistan, which has increased internet penetration from approximately 25% in 2015 to over 80% in 2024.

This scientific article examines the multifaceted impact of social networks on the lives of young people. In today's digital environment, social networks significantly influence the way youth communicate, access information, their psychological well-being, and social relationships. The article analyzes the widespread use of platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Telegram among young people, as well as their positive and negative consequences. The study presents evidence proving that social networks affect the academic performance, physical health, mental state, and socialization process of young people.

This article analyzes the didactic opportunities of modern educational technologies in improving the process of teaching the Russian language in higher education institutions. The study examines the role of the competency-based approach, digital learning tools, interactive methods, modular educational technologies, and the communicative approach in enhancing the quality of Russian language education. Furthermore, the article reveals the significance of modern pedagogical technologies in developing students’ communicative competence, independent thinking, creative activity, and professional preparedness. The findings of the study contribute to the development of scientific and practical recommendations aimed at modernizing Russian language education and increasing educational effectiveness.