This article analyzes the verbalization of the time category in the English and Uzbek languages. The study examines how time is expressed in English through auxiliary verbs and in Uzbek through affixes. In English, time is expressed in forms such as simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous, whereas in Uzbek, time categories are expressed through suffixes. The article also discusses the similarities and differences between the two language systems. Understanding the time category in both English and Uzbek is crucial for students in their language learning process.

The acquisition of English speaking proficiency represents a multidimensional cognitive-linguistic process, wherein fluency, accuracy, and pragmatic appropriateness converge as core parameters. This paper delineates the intrinsic features underpinning the development of oral communicative competence, with emphasis on psycholinguistic mechanisms, contextual variability, and interactional dynamics. Anchored in contemporary pedagogical paradigms, including Communicative Language Teaching and Task-Based Instruction, the study critically evaluates methodological trajectories and their efficacy in fostering productive speech performance. Particular attention is given to extralinguistic impediments—such as affective filters and intercultural interference—that constrain oral output. The analysis concludes by offering evidence-based pedagogical insights aimed at optimizing the speaking skill acquisition process in ESL contexts.

This article about the concept of "Inoyat" in the philosophical views of Abu Ali ibn Sina and the emphases presented in the comments of these Eastern peripatetic philosophers were analyzed. The concept of “Inoyat” is a term that encompasses the relationship between God, the universe, and man. Abu Ali ibn Sina evaluates the concept of grace as an order of goodness that originates from God. The philosopher focuses on the order of goodness in the world through this term. Farobi evaluates "Inoyat" within the framework of the theory of emanation, good-evil and happiness. The philosopher explains the theory of emanation by divine grace. For the world, which exists by emanation, also partakes of God's existence, and needs the divine will to continue its existence. Therefore emanation shows that grace is permanent. Furthermore, the theory of emanation is the best way to understand the existence of evil. Ibn Rushd considers grace to be a special proof of God's existence. The whole universe was created by God's grace and generosity. The philosopher uses the term continuous creation to express this idea. Therefore, God's grace to the world is endless and continuous. According to the philosopher, man is in harmony with the universe. That this harmony points to God's presence is evidence of grace.

This article explores the multifaceted transformation of personal culture within the evolving framework of the information society. It analyzes how globalization, digital technologies, and mediated communication reshape individual identity, interpersonal relationships, and local cultural traditions. While digital connectivity facilitates cross-cultural exchange and global awareness, it also poses risks such as cultural homogenization, identity fragmentation, and ethical dilemmas, including privacy erosion and cultural appropriation. Drawing upon contemporary sociological and philosophical perspectives, the study emphasizes the paradoxical nature of cultural change in digital environments—offering unprecedented opportunities for self-expression and diversity, yet simultaneously undermining authentic cultural continuity. The paper calls for a critical reassessment of ethical engagement, digital literacy, and cultural preservation strategies in response to these shifting paradigms.

This article is dedicated to analyzing Baykan Sezer's contribution to the institutionalization of sociology in Turkey. It focuses on his academic and pedagogical activities, as well as his role in the development of the critical school within the Turkish sociological tradition. Sezer critically challenged Western-centric theoretical approaches and proposed an original methodological perspective based on dependency theory and local social realities. His academic and educational legacy significantly influenced the development of sociology as an autonomous discipline in Turkey and contributed to the emergence of a new generation of critical scholars. Moreover, the article discusses the relevance of Sezer's works in the international academic context and their impact on global sociological discourse.

The article emphasizes Integrating innovative methods in assessing language ability of learners are critical part of language teaching and learning. The present paper is dedicated to explore integration of digital platform “Flipgrid” where instructor posted tasks and students answer in video format. This innovative tool allowed to process students learning about the content. Students recorded videos were peer and self-assessed with follow-up teacher’s feedback relying on rubric (Grammar and Vocabulary, Discourse Management, Pronunciation, Interactive Communication).

Currently the English language is a universal language and significant steps are being taken by the education system of Uzbekistan to develop the system of teaching English as a foreign language. The Presidential Decree №1875- “On measures of improvement of learning foreign languages” contributes a noteworthy progress of teaching English as a foreign language in the educational institutions of Uzbekistan.

The importance of scientific values in the spiritual development of man and society was emphasized in the works of Abu Abdullah Al-Khwarizmi, Musa Al-Khwarizmi, Ahmad Ferghani, Abu Nasr Al-Farabi, Abu Raykhan Al-Biruni, Ibn Sina and other thinkers. They described scientific values as a link connecting generations and times, an important means of moral purification of man and calling for virtue.

This article explores the development of logic in the Muslim East during the 9th–11th centuries. It highlights the contributions of prominent scholars such as Al-Kindi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Abu Abdullah al-Khwarizmi. The paper analyzes their logical works, the influence of Greek philosophical heritage, and the emergence of new logical doctrines. It also discusses the impact of logic on other disciplines, including philosophy, theology, medicine, and law.

This article examines Orientalism as a persistent ideological and political construct employed in the framework of state foreign policy strategies. Based on the analysis of political and media discourse, the key mechanisms of using Orientalist representations to legitimize interventions, construct the image of the «Other» and redistribute influence in global politics are identified. The results demonstrate that Orientalism remains significant as a tool of symbolic and practical domination, adapting to new geopolitical conditions.

This article analyzes the ontological issues and views on the theory of knowledge in Chapter I of Alisher Navoi's epic poem "Lison ut-tayr". Is it possible to know the truth, and if so, how this process is carried out, and briefly discusses the balances in the natural environment.

This article discusses the theoretical foundations and practical importance of using spatial portraits in analyzing the behavior of two-dimensional dynamical systems. The possibilities of graphically representing the states of dynamical systems, determining their stability states, and predicting their long-term behavior are considered.