The article examines the socio-philosophical foundations of social justice and inclusive development as key components of the sustainable development concept. Special attention is paid to the philosophical understanding of social justice in the context of global challenges and its implementation in Uzbekistan's development strategy. The research analyzes the relationship between sustainable development goals and principles of social justice, inclusivity, and equity. The study reveals that achieving sustainable development requires not only economic growth but also equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and benefits among all segments of society. The Uzbekistan experience demonstrates an original approach to integrating social justice principles with national values and modernization processes.

This article presents a philosophical and irfani study of the essence and significance of trials and tribulations in human life, based on the tafsir "Kashf al-Asrar" by Abulfazl Maybudi. In Islamic irfan, trials and tribulations are considered essential stages of the soul's purification, strengthening of knowledge, and attainment of spiritual perfection. The author, drawing on Maybudi's teachings, shows that trials are not only tests of patience and endurance but also means of achieving true knowledge, divine love, and fana (annihilation) in the will of the Almighty. Tribulations are interpreted as hidden divine gifts that guide a person from superficial perception toward a deeper understanding of existence and inner mission. The article systematically and deeply reveals the impact of trials on self-knowledge, the strengthening of willpower, and the development of a person's spiritual journey.

The article examines the socio-philosophical foundations of social justice and inclusive development as key components of the sustainable development concept. Special attention is paid to the philosophical understanding of social justice in the context of global challenges and its implementation in Uzbekistan's development strategy. The research analyzes the relationship between sustainable development goals and principles of social justice, inclusivity, and equity. The study reveals that achieving sustainable development requires not only economic growth but also equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and benefits among all segments of society. The Uzbekistan experience demonstrates an original approach to integrating social justice principles with national values and modernization processes.

This article extensively covers the scientific school founded by academician Ibrohim Muminov, who played an important role in the development of Uzbek philosophy and social and humanitarian sciences of the 20th century, and his unparalleled services in training national scientific personnel in Uzbekistan. It analyzes Ibrohim Muminov's activities not only as a philosopher and scientist, but also as a highly spiritual mentor, organizer and enthusiastic teacher based on scientific sources and memoirs. The article reveals Muminov's initiatives in training highly qualified specialists in the fields of philosophy, history, law, philology and oriental studies, his leadership in establishing new scientific departments and institutes in the system of the Academy of Sciences. It also substantiates the fact that dozens of doctors of sciences and hundreds of candidates of sciences have been graduated under his leadership, and his role in the formation and development of the national Uzbek philosophical school. The article highlights Ibrahim Muminov's courage in preserving national history and spiritual heritage, in particular, in the context of complex Soviet ideology, in conducting scientifically objective research into the era of Amir Temur and the Timurids. In general, the article shows that the legacy of Academician Ibrahim Muminov is of great importance for the scientific and spiritual development of today's independent Uzbekistan.

This study examines how tourists’ countries of origin influence their destination choices in the case of Uzbekistan. Data were collected through a Google Form from 673 foreign visitors. A chi-square contingency test was applied to assess the relationship between tourist origins and destinations. The analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant association between origin and destination choice. These findings show that tourist origin meaningfully shapes destination preferences, highlighting the need for targeted tourism planning in Uzbekistan.

This article analyzes the achievements of contemporary German ecophilosophy, in which the need to fundamentally reconsider humanity's relationship to nature in the context of the global ecological crisis led to the formation of the field of ecophilosophy as an independent and significant direction. Especially since the second half of the 20th century, environmental problems arising as a result of the impact of human activity on nature have led to the unification of philosophical thinking around the category of ecological responsibility. The concept of ecological responsibility has become a concept of not only theoretical, but also practical and praxeological importance. In this regard, German ecophilosophy occupies a special place, since in it ecological responsibility is deeply studied not only from a theoretical and axiological, but also from a praxeological aspect.

This article is devoted to the study of methods, possibilities and practical significance of modeling the distribution of air pollution using geographic information systems (GIS). The article describes methods for analyzing the spatial and temporal distribution of air pollution based on data from ground monitoring stations, transport and industrial zones, and remote sensing technologies. It is also shown that the models developed using GIS are of practical importance in the application of environmental monitoring, urban planning and sustainable development strategies.

This article examines methods for developing students' critical thinking skills based on teaching reading literacy in primary grades in Uzbekistan. The study analyzes modern requirements of primary education, pedagogical and psychological aspects of forming critical thinking in reading literacy lessons, as well as innovative methods and technologies used in this process.

This article analyzes the psychological foundations, influencing factors, and effective methods of forming and developing logical thinking in adults. Logical thinking is an integral part of human activity and plays an important role in making informed decisions, solving problems, and critical thinking.

This paper examines the lexical and semantic characteristics of key terminologies used in Islamic studies. By analyzing the etymology, morphological patterns, and semantic shifts of selected terms, the article highlights their theological, legal, and sociocultural dimensions. The study also explores how these terms have evolved across different historical periods and linguistic contexts, while noting the challenges of translation and interpretation in non-Arabic settings. Understanding these features contributes to more precise academic engagement and interreligious dialogue.

This article analyzes relations between the countries of Central Asia and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. The role of the Sultanate of Oman in regional cooperation based on a neutral foreign policy strategy will be particularly studied.

The article explores the image of nature in Sergei Yesenin's poetry. It examines how nature becomes a living being in his verses, reflecting the poet's inner world. Special attention is given to the symbolism of natural imagery, conveying philosophical reflections on life, time, and eternity. The article also analyzes the stylistic features that make his poems relatable and understandable to readers.