This article examines the role of Russian personal names in shaping the image of individuals and society. Personal names are analyzed not only as a means of personal identification but also as an important linguistic and cultural element reflecting social status, national identity, cultural values, and historical era. The paper examines the origins of Russian anthroponyms, their semantic features, and their functional role in fiction. Particular attention is paid to the importance of names in revealing a person's character, defining the social environment, and conveying social relations. The conclusion is that Russian personal names are an important factor demonstrating the relationship between language and society.

In the article, the author analyzes the transformation of value objects in the process of generational change in the conditions of social relations in society using the example of “prayers”, which are part of folklore in the cultural space. For all eras, a specific value object is manifested, and its variability or continuity necessarily depends on the existing socio-political and cultural characteristics. The lack of a reliable source or database at all times requires the researcher to search for specific methodological approaches. In determining the transformation of value objects in an information society, a specific approach, which has not been paid much attention to in local sociological studies, namely, the factors influencing the worldview of values in “prayers”, were analyzed. In the future, the importance of this approach may play a special role in expressing theoretical and methodological approaches in cultural anthropology and sociology of religion.

This article analyzes the transformation of Uzbekistan–Türkiye relations during the presidency of Shavkat Mirziyoyev. It examines the development of political, economic, cultural, and strategic cooperation between the two countries, as well as Uzbekistan’s growing role within the Organization of Turkic States. Special attention is given to Mirziyoyev’s initiatives on regional integration, transport and logistics corridors, green economy, and food security. The study highlights how strengthened bilateral ties and multilateral engagement contribute to regional stability and shared prosperity in the Turkic world.

By the second half of the 20th century, the conflicts between Iran and the Arab states, the political situation in the Middle East, the nature of the states that emerged in this subregion, their foreign policy directions, as well as the main directions of socio-economic development and the evolutionary processes taking place in this group of countries have aroused great interest in the international community.

This article provides a hermeneutic analysis of the fact that Ibn Miskawayh's views reflected both practical and theoretical parts of the new Platonism. This work, written in Persian and Arabic, is based on the first source.

This article explores common colloquial molds and their role in the realization of politeness strategies in contemporary English discourse. The study is conducted within the framework of pragmatics and sociolinguistics, focusing on how everyday conversational expressions contribute to maintaining social harmony and managing interpersonal relations. Relying on the politeness theory developed by Brown and Levinson, the paper analyzes the use of positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and bald on-record strategies in spoken English. Particular attention is paid to such linguistic devices as modal verbs, indirect requests, hedging expressions, inclusive forms, and compliment strategies, which serve to mitigate face-threatening acts in communication. The findings demonstrate that colloquial molds function not merely as informal speech elements but as effective pragmatic tools that enhance communicative efficiency and politeness. The study emphasizes the importance of pragmatic competence in English language learning and intercultural communication.

This article presents a philosophical and irfani study of the essence and significance of trials and tribulations in human life, based on the tafsir "Kashf al-Asrar" by Abulfazl Maybudi. In Islamic irfan, trials and tribulations are considered essential stages of the soul's purification, strengthening of knowledge, and attainment of spiritual perfection. The author, drawing on Maybudi's teachings, shows that trials are not only tests of patience and endurance but also means of achieving true knowledge, divine love, and fana (annihilation) in the will of the Almighty. Tribulations are interpreted as hidden divine gifts that guide a person from superficial perception toward a deeper understanding of existence and inner mission. The article systematically and deeply reveals the impact of trials on self-knowledge, the strengthening of willpower, and the development of a person's spiritual journey.

Mazkur maqolada sovet hokimiyati tomonidan O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilgan savodsizlikni tugatish siyosati, uning asosiy maqsadlari, amalga oshirish mexanizmlari hamda ijtimoiy-madaniy natijalari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, mazkur siyosatning ijobiy jihatlari bilan bir qatorda, uning mafkuraviy va mustamlakachilik mohiyati ochib beriladi.

The article examines the socio-philosophical foundations of social justice and inclusive development as key components of the sustainable development concept. Special attention is paid to the philosophical understanding of social justice in the context of global challenges and its implementation in Uzbekistan's development strategy. The research analyzes the relationship between sustainable development goals and principles of social justice, inclusivity, and equity. The study reveals that achieving sustainable development requires not only economic growth but also equitable distribution of resources, opportunities, and benefits among all segments of society. The Uzbekistan experience demonstrates an original approach to integrating social justice principles with national values and modernization processes.

This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of literary translation, as well as its significance in the history of humanity and intercultural communication. The study analyzes the scientific perspectives of translation scholars such as Anna Maria Rojo, Peter Newmark, Gaybulla Salomov, and Kudrat Musaev. It highlights the specific complexities of literary translation, particularly the issues of recreating stylistic devices, national coloring, and the author's individual style in the target language. Furthermore, the article explores the distinctive features of translation between related languages versus unrelated language families and emphasizes the importance of the translator's professional skill.

This article extensively covers the scientific school founded by academician Ibrohim Muminov, who played an important role in the development of Uzbek philosophy and social and humanitarian sciences of the 20th century, and his unparalleled services in training national scientific personnel in Uzbekistan. It analyzes Ibrohim Muminov's activities not only as a philosopher and scientist, but also as a highly spiritual mentor, organizer and enthusiastic teacher based on scientific sources and memoirs. The article reveals Muminov's initiatives in training highly qualified specialists in the fields of philosophy, history, law, philology and oriental studies, his leadership in establishing new scientific departments and institutes in the system of the Academy of Sciences. It also substantiates the fact that dozens of doctors of sciences and hundreds of candidates of sciences have been graduated under his leadership, and his role in the formation and development of the national Uzbek philosophical school. The article highlights Ibrahim Muminov's courage in preserving national history and spiritual heritage, in particular, in the context of complex Soviet ideology, in conducting scientifically objective research into the era of Amir Temur and the Timurids. In general, the article shows that the legacy of Academician Ibrahim Muminov is of great importance for the scientific and spiritual development of today's independent Uzbekistan.

This article examines the characteristics and primary causes of intervertebral disc herniation, one of the most common spinal disorders. It describes the anatomical and physiological characteristics of intervertebral discs, the mechanisms of degenerative changes, and the clinical manifestations of the disease depending on the location of the herniation. Particular attention is paid to risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, hereditary predisposition, unhealthy habits, and occupational stress. The importance of early diagnosis and timely conservative treatment to prevent surgical intervention is emphasized.