Corporate deadlock constitutes a serious challenge in business governance, particularly in companies with a limited number of shareholders and in partnerships where equal ownership structures create impasses in decision-making. This article examines internationally recognized methods for resolving corporate deadlock, drawing on academic research and the legal frameworks of various jurisdictions. The study analyzes both contractual mechanisms (including mutual control clauses, buy-sell agreements, and casting vote arrangements) and alternative dispute resolution methods (mediation, arbitration, and hybrid approaches). The research demonstrates that the advance inclusion of deadlock resolution provisions in shareholders’ agreements significantly reduces litigation costs and ensures business continuity. The findings indicate that mutual control mechanisms, when properly designed with due consideration of information asymmetry and financial disparities, offer effective solutions, while mediation and arbitration provide flexible alternatives capable of preserving ongoing business relationships. This article contributes to the corporate governance literature by synthesizing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of deadlock resolution mechanisms and by offering practical recommendations for business owners, legal practitioners, and policymakers.

This scientific article studies the lexical transformation of proverbs in the work "Kutadgu Bilig" in Turkish. The process of lexical transformation in the work helps to understand the process of language development. Studying this process helps linguists to determine the historical development of the language, the changes in lexical units, and cultural influences. Lexical transformations enrich the language and expand its functional capabilities.

This article explores the linguistic and cognitive aspects of dialogical communication. The study considers dialogical speech as a phenomenon closely connected with human cognition, mental structures, and contextual factors. Special attention is paid to the cognitive processes of interlocutors, including presupposition, implicature, speech acts, and the formation of pragmatic meaning in dialogue. The paper outlines the theoretical foundations of dialogical communication within the framework of cognitive linguistics and conceptualizes dialogue as an interactive and dynamic process. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of dialogical discourse and support the development of linguistic and pragmatic analysis.

This study examines how tourists’ countries of origin influence their destination choices in the case of Uzbekistan. Data were collected through a Google Form from 673 foreign visitors. A chi-square contingency test was applied to assess the relationship between tourist origins and destinations. The analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant association between origin and destination choice. These findings show that tourist origin meaningfully shapes destination preferences, highlighting the need for targeted tourism planning in Uzbekistan.

This article examines the process of the formation of the Karakhanid state, which was formed in Central Asia in the second half of the 10th century, in terms of political and ethno-geopolitical factors. It reveals the processes of unification of Turkic tribes such as the Karluk, Chigil and Yagmo. The study of the history of the Karakhanid dynasty is still a relevant issue in Uzbek historiography. After all, during the reign of the Karakhanids, the Turkic Uzbek people were fully formed and developed socially, economically and culturally.

This article analyzes the economy, population, and natural-geographical features of Soviet Uzbekistan. It provides general information on the geographic location, natural resources, climate, and territorial structure of the Uzbek SSR. It also examines the republic's population growth, its ethnic composition, and differences in population density between cities and villages. The focus is on the economic system formed during the Soviet era, particularly cotton production, irrigated agriculture, industrialization, and the development of transport infrastructure. These research findings are important for understanding economic and demographic processes in Uzbekistan in subsequent periods.

State Security of Uzbekistan: Challenges and Prospects amid Global Transformations. State security in Uzbekistan is analyzed as a cornerstone of national sovereignty and development. In an era of globalization, the country encounters a spectrum of threats ranging from international terrorism and transnational crime to cyber vulnerabilities and geopolitical instability. This article identifies the key challenges to Uzbekistan’s state security, examines their causes and implications, and suggests avenues for strengthening national security mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the role of civil society, the evolution of the legal framework, and the need for cooperative relations with international partners. Drawing on historical context and current trends, the paper articulates a strategic outlook for developing a resilient and adaptive security system. It advocates a comprehensive approach that integrates legal, social, and technological measures while upholding human rights and promoting sustainable development.

This article analyzes the achievements of contemporary German ecophilosophy, in which the need to fundamentally reconsider humanity's relationship to nature in the context of the global ecological crisis led to the formation of the field of ecophilosophy as an independent and significant direction. Especially since the second half of the 20th century, environmental problems arising as a result of the impact of human activity on nature have led to the unification of philosophical thinking around the category of ecological responsibility. The concept of ecological responsibility has become a concept of not only theoretical, but also practical and praxeological importance. In this regard, German ecophilosophy occupies a special place, since in it ecological responsibility is deeply studied not only from a theoretical and axiological, but also from a praxeological aspect.

The article theoretically explains the process of perceiving human speech and its close connection with auditory and memory mechanisms. It is emphasized that in understanding speech, logical stress, word order, syntactic structure, and the process of comparing speech with existing patterns in memory play an important role. In addition, the theories of scholars such as A.A. Leontiev and I.A. Zimnyaya regarding the stages of speech activity — motivation, planning, implementation, and control — are analyzed. In preschool age, the development of perception is closely linked with thinking, which shapes children’s abilities to analyze, compare, and generalize. Based on the views of scholars such as Ye.I. Tikheeva and B.V. Belyaev, the article scientifically substantiates the interconnected development of speech and cognitive growth in children. The step-by-step development of speech in accordance with children’s age characteristics — the expansion of vocabulary, acquisition of grammatical structures, and use of syntactic patterns — is also widely discussed. The article highlights the development of children’s speech in a social environment, through communication with adults and peers, and the importance of improving speech skills in family and preschool education settings. In conclusion, speech development in preschool age is a decisive factor in a child’s overall psychological development and success in the educational process, and it also serves as an important foundation for developing the ability to learn foreign languages.

This article analyzes the role and methodological approaches of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the formation of independent English language learning competence in higher education institutions. Independent learning competence refers to a student's ability to self-develop, independently acquire language skills, and effectively use digital tools. The article proposes a methodology for individualizing the learning process, increasing motivation, and developing metacognitive strategies using AI tools — chat bots, language applications, and automatic analysis platforms. The effectiveness of the methodology is also assessed based on experimental observations and recommendations are made for its application in the local educational context.

This article highlights the social situation in the country during the rise of the Democratic Party to power in Turkey, the socio-economic life in rural areas, and the negative factors influencing the activities of Turkish farmers.

This article explores the role and effectiveness of innovative technologies in English language teaching within the context of globalization. It analyzes modern digital tools, technology-enhanced learning environments, and their influence on learners’ linguistic competence, motivation, and communicative skills. The study highlights the methodological shift from traditional classroom instruction to technology-driven approaches, emphasizing the need for teachers to adopt new pedagogical models. Recommendations are provided to ensure meaningful integration of technology into English language education.