This article discusses the methodology for teaching preschool children to think independently today, and the fact that taking into account the psychological and pedagogical characteristics inherent in children in preschool educational institutions when guiding them to think independently is a guarantee of success. Information is provided on the influence of the development of the psychological characteristics of preschool children on the process of independent thinking at present, and problems and solutions are discussed.

The article discusses the question of what is nominal. The data of scientists describing the quantitative statistics of the nominative vocabulary development in speech ontogeny are given. The main groups of words in children’s speech are identified. Examples of underdeveloped nominative vocabulary of children with underdeveloped general speech are given.

This article discusses the study of language, both native and foreign, - a personal need that manifests itself in social interaction and communication. The success of communication depends not only on the desire of the speaker to make contact, but also on the ability to realize speech intention, which depends on the degree of proficiency in language units and the ability to use them in specific communication situations (at the same time, knowledge of individual elements of language in itself cannot be attributed to the concept of “proficiency in language as a means of communication”). These conditions of language proficiency constitute the essence of communicative competence, which has been put forward as one of the central categories of communicative linguistics and linguodidactics.

The given article highlights the typology of texts relevant for translation is a crucial aspect of the translation process. Understanding the different types of texts helps translators tailor their approach to effectively convey the original meaning and intent in a new language. The attempts to create a classification of text types acceptable for solving translation problems leads to the inevitable conclusion that when analyzing a text type, both the translator and the critic must proceed from the same criterion.

In this article, the lexicon of the Chinese and Uzbek languages is compared and analyzed based on the modern approach to comparative analysis. Attention is paid to the phenomenon of lexical interference in the process of translating from Uzbek to Chinese, improving students' lexical competence in a foreign language. Difficulties in learning the Chinese language in educational institutions are identified, and modern methods of solving them and developing proposals are presented. The analysis of the structure of the words in Chinese, English and Uzbek languages is considered, classified, their specific features are highlighted and their importance in ensuring the language and the uniqueness of the language is shown. Also, it is to explain more about the quantitative words in Chinese, English and Uzbek languages and to show the similarities and differences between them in comparison with the Uzbek language.

In this article, the content and levels of improving the structural and functional model of methodical training of future foreign language teachers through the analysis of computer linguistics and the problems of foreign language teaching today provide pedagogical opportunities to prepare them for professional-pedagogical activities. The issues of training future foreign language teachers in a modern way, focusing on the training of specialists with deep knowledge who think creatively, and are able to solve complex social and production problems, are revealed scientifically.

Last two decades have seen an increasing interest in approaching literary translation from pragmatic perspective as both pragmatics and translation are concerned with communicative situations. Pragmatic relations in literary translation are superimposed on semantic relations and play an equally important role in analyzing the original text and in producing an equivalent text in the target language. The pragmatic adaption of translation must make it possible for the target receptor to understand the implications of the message and to be aware of its figurative and situational meaning. Pragmatic problems in this article are analyzed applying pragmatic principles such as speech acts, presuppositions, implications, deictic expressions and politeness formulas.