This article examines the transition of medical terminological dictionaries into electronic formats and its impact on the development of applied lexicography in the Uzbek language. The advantages of electronic dictionaries such as fast search, regular updates, and multimedia integration are analyzed. In addition, the paper highlights existing challenges and discusses the scientific and practical significance of electronic medical dictionaries.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the implementation of the translanguaging approach in primary education in Uzbekistan and neighboring countries. Translanguaging is a modern approach that allows students to exchange ideas, communicate, and consolidate knowledge using multiple language resources in an integrated manner. The study compares the experiences of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan based on criteria such as language policy, curricula, teacher training, textbooks and methodological support, and factors for developing students' linguistic competence. The article first examines the state language policy and official documents on multilingualism of each country. Then, the role of the mother tongue and foreign languages ​​in primary education programs, the possibilities of organizing integrated lessons, and existing experiences are analyzed. It also provides a comparative review of teachers' methodological training, attitudes toward language transfer, and real-world applications. As a result, it is determined that the translanguaging approach in Uzbekistan plays an important role in developing multilingualism, increasing communicative competence, and approaching international standards while preserving national values. Comparison with the experience of neighboring countries serves as a scientific basis for eliminating existing problems and developing effective methodologies.

This study examines the effectiveness of the 2R2D (Reading, Reflection, Discussion, and Discussion) method in teaching Persian in religious schools in Uzbekistan. Since Persian is an important language in Islamic theology, improving students’ Persian language skills is essential for understanding religious texts. The 2R2D method combines active reading, critical thinking, collaborative discussion, and structured discussions to develop language comprehension, critical thinking, and theological discussion skills. The study uses mixed methods, including classroom observations, tests, and student feedback to assess the impact of the method. Preliminary results indicate that the 2R2D method improves Persian language acquisition while increasing students’ engagement in religious content.

The article examines the study of the civilizational development of Japan. The purpose of the study is a thorough analysis of the work of the orientalist, academician Nikolai Iosifovich Konrad, who devoted more than 40 years of his life to the study of Japanese civilization, especially the history of its culture. N. Konrad is considered one of the first who was able to apply a comparative approach to Japanese culture with the cultures of the East and West, which subsequently allowed a new assessment of the contribution of Japanese civilization to world culture. The main conclusion of this study is that the legacy of N. Konrad is fundamental in the study of Japanese history, culture, literature and language, and his translations and commentaries on Japanese literature have become an important tool for understanding the Japanese people and their way of life.

This article analyzes the verbalization of the time category in the English and Uzbek languages. The study examines how time is expressed in English through auxiliary verbs and in Uzbek through affixes. In English, time is expressed in forms such as simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous, whereas in Uzbek, time categories are expressed through suffixes. The article also discusses the similarities and differences between the two language systems. Understanding the time category in both English and Uzbek is crucial for students in their language learning process.

The acquisition of English speaking proficiency represents a multidimensional cognitive-linguistic process, wherein fluency, accuracy, and pragmatic appropriateness converge as core parameters. This paper delineates the intrinsic features underpinning the development of oral communicative competence, with emphasis on psycholinguistic mechanisms, contextual variability, and interactional dynamics. Anchored in contemporary pedagogical paradigms, including Communicative Language Teaching and Task-Based Instruction, the study critically evaluates methodological trajectories and their efficacy in fostering productive speech performance. Particular attention is given to extralinguistic impediments—such as affective filters and intercultural interference—that constrain oral output. The analysis concludes by offering evidence-based pedagogical insights aimed at optimizing the speaking skill acquisition process in ESL contexts.

This article analyses the latest innovative methods in teaching foreign languages. The way we teach foreign languages is constantly changing. Technology, updated teaching theories, and a better understanding of learning are leading to new and improved methods. These innovations don't necessarily replace traditional approaches entirely, but they often enhance them, creating more interesting, effective, and personalized learning experiences. This article will delve into these new methods, examining their theoretical foundations, how they're used in practice, and their potential impact on learners.

This article analyzes the impact of modern educational technologies—specifically gamification and microlearning modules—on learners' motivation in the process of teaching foreign languages. An experimental study was conducted involving university students, comparing the outcomes of traditional teaching approaches with those of gamified microlearning methods. The results indicate that the integration of gamification and microlearning enhances interest in education, increases active participation, and fosters independent learning among students.

This paper examines the lexical and semantic characteristics of key terminologies used in Islamic studies. By analyzing the etymology, morphological patterns, and semantic shifts of selected terms, the article highlights their theological, legal, and sociocultural dimensions. The study also explores how these terms have evolved across different historical periods and linguistic contexts, while noting the challenges of translation and interpretation in non-Arabic settings. Understanding these features contributes to more precise academic engagement and interreligious dialogue.

This article analyzes interactive methods used in teaching Uzbek grammar, their effectiveness and prospects. The relevance of using interactive methods in teaching the Uzbek language, their role in increasing student activity, forming a culture of communication and strengthening language skills is highlighted. Interactive approaches are becoming the main tool of the teacher in the modern educational process.

This article analyzes the role of taxonomy in the process of developing pragmatic competence. In language teaching, not only grammatical knowledge but also the contextual and cultural aspects of communication are considered important. Pragmatic competence shapes students' ability to use language correctly and appropriately in different situations. The results of the study also show that through methodology based on taxonomy, a deeper understanding of pragmatics can be achieved. Based on this, the article includes both theoretical and practical recommendations for teachers.

This article discusses the effective use of modern technologies in the study and teaching of foreign languages in our country today, the teacher's work on himself, a sense of responsibility, the methodology of teaching a foreign language, the history of its development as a discipline, the types of modern methods used in the methodology of teaching foreign languages, their use, and the problems and solutions in this area.