The article analyzes the phenological views and knowledge used by the Turkic peoples in traditional types of economy, in particular, agriculture, animal husbandry and horticulture, various calendars created on the basis of knowledge collected as a result of observing celestial and natural phenomena, the role and significance of phenological knowledge in agriculture.

This article covers the linguistic and cultural foundations of the study of the fairy tale genre in folklore today, as well as the translation models found in translation research, i.e., comparative, process and variable models. Also, four standard hypotheses in world translation studies are described and described based on the phenomenon of retranslation.

In this article, the content and levels of improving the structural and functional model of methodical training of future foreign language teachers through the analysis of computer linguistics and the problems of foreign language teaching today provide pedagogical opportunities to prepare them for professional-pedagogical activities. The issues of training future foreign language teachers in a modern way, focusing on the training of specialists with deep knowledge who think creatively, and are able to solve complex social and production problems, are revealed scientifically.

For environmental education and environmental education in Chemistry, some environmental issues should be used appropriately. They serve as an excellent tool in organizing classes for future chemistry teachers.