This study evaluates the economic efficiency of no-code development platforms using mathematical modelling and comparative scenario analysis. Traditional and no-code development approaches are compared in terms of initial cost, maintenance cost, development time, productivity, return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), and approximate payback period. The analysis assumes a six-month evaluation horizon, a gross economic benefit of USD 4,500, and a 10% discount rate. The results indicate that the no-code approach reduces total six-month costs by 85% and development time by 83.3%. The calculated ROI equals 40.6% for traditional development and 837.5% for no-code development. The corresponding NPV values are USD 890.9 and USD 3,610.9. These findings suggest that no-code tools may provide substantial economic advantages for repetitive, standardized, and moderately complex business processes, although platform dependence and limited support for complex algorithms remain important constraints.

This study investigates the influence of light intensity on the main photoelectric parameters of silicon solar cells. An analysis was carried out on the dependences of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and conversion efficiency on the level of incident radiation. The physical processes of charge carrier generation and recombination, which determine the operation of solar cells under different illumination levels, are examined. It was established that the short-circuit current depends linearly on light intensity, whereas the open-circuit voltage follows a logarithmic relationship. It is shown that variations in illumination give rise to nonlinear effects associated with internal losses and the parameters of the p–n junction. The research results make it possible to identify the factors limiting the efficiency of silicon solar cells and may be used in the optimization of photovoltaic systems.

The article analyzes the digitalization processes of small businesses in Uzbekistan. The theoretical foundations and practical significance of the use of digital technologies are covered. The reforms implemented within the framework of the "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" strategy have been studied. The advanced experiences of countries such as South Korea and Singapore have been analyzed. The current state of small business digitalization in Uzbekistan, achievements and existing problems have been identified. The main advantages and opportunities of implementing digital technologies are shown. Infrastructure, institutional and financial proposals have been developed for the further development of small business digitalization.

The article examines foreign experience in the chemical industry. The activities of chemical industry enterprises in developed countries are based on high quality standards, innovative approaches and sustainable development.

The article examines current issues of implementing innovative technologies in small business activities. The impact of innovative technologies on small business development and ways to increase its efficiency are considered. The effectiveness of key digital technology applications in small business - e-commerce, CRM and ERP systems, cloud services, online banking, and automation systems - has been substantiated. Based on the research results, practical recommendations for innovative development of small business have been developed.

We studied the thickness (80000, 100000 and 120000 hectares also 7,2;9,0 and 10,8 plants per 1 mph,nrespektively), soil moisture of the field in two different regimes irrigation (70-70-60 and 75-75-60 % as well as irrigation procedures 2-3-0 and 2-4-0, respectively) and the ratio of fertilizer in two principles (1:0,7:0,5 and 1:1:0,5). Annual fertilizers are: N200 P140 ва K100 and N200 Р200 ва К100 kilograms. The irrigation regime is bassed on the fakt that the yield of cotton grovn under 70-70-60% of the ChDNS hugher than the yield of the variaunts irrigated on the 75-75-60 regime. At 70-70-60% irrigation mode, depending on the thickness of the bush and the fertilizer ration, on average yield of 35,4-40,5c/ha is abtained, 75-75-60% the yield in cultivation varied by an average of 33,5-36,5e/s. Experience shows that the micronaire index of the fibers is higher in the irrigation mode of 70-70-60 % than the fiber which consists of 4,3-4,5 micronaire and irrigation of 75-75-60 %.

In this article, the general and necessary aspects of ensuring environmental stability, the protection of the environment and biological diversity, the use of natural resources, and the impact of the use of renewable energy sources on the environmental stability of the country are revealed by studying Uzbekistan and international experiences. directed.

According to the statistics agency of Uzbekistan, the number of vehicles running on an internal combustion engine will be more than 3.2 million in 2023. 74% of them run on compressed natural gas, 24% run on gasoline, and 2% run on electricity and other alternative fuels. Potential customers for tuning hybridization of used cars are cars running on gasoline, and in addition, the economic efficiency of tuning hybridization can be considered in vehicles running on compressed natural gas.

This article reveals the features of creativity development in Russian language classes in elementary school and discusses different teaching methods in Russian language classes taught in the Uzbek language.

This article reveals the specific features of teaching the Russian language in schools of Uzbekistan, as well as the conditions of language formation and the role of methodological science in the development of communication skills. Different teaching methods are discussed in the Russian language classes, which are taught in the Uzbek language.