This article analyzes the geopolitical significance of Arctic shipping routes in the context of global climate change, energy security and international cooperation. The main focus is on the role of Russia and China in the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), as well as the prospects for their strategic partnership in the Arctic region. The paper examines the international legal aspects of navigation in the Arctic, economic benefits and risks, as well as the geostrategic interests of key global actors. An analysis of existing scientific literature, government strategies and interstate agreements is provided. The results of the study demonstrate the growing importance of the Arctic in world politics and emphasize the need for joint efforts by Russia and China for the sustainable development of the region.

This article explores the theoretical foundations and practical mechanisms for developing personal creativity. Drawing on psychological, pedagogical, and sociocultural perspectives, the research identifies key factors contributing to individual creative growth. A mixed-methods approach, including a survey of students and educators and experimental tasks, was used to assess the effectiveness of creativity-enhancing strategies. The findings underscore the importance of motivational environments, interdisciplinary learning, and personalized feedback in fostering creative expression. These insights may inform educational reforms and innovation-driven initiatives in developing countries.

This article analyzes the psychological foundations, influencing factors, and effective methods of forming and developing logical thinking in adults. Logical thinking is an integral part of human activity and plays an important role in making informed decisions, solving problems, and critical thinking.

Based on the materials of the national press of the early 20th century, the article analyzes the views of the Turkestan Jadids on the Eastern and Western worlds, their culture and politics, as well as the negative aspects of the introduction of European culture.

This article discusses the methodology for teaching preschool children to think independently today, and the fact that taking into account the psychological and pedagogical characteristics inherent in children in preschool educational institutions when guiding them to think independently is a guarantee of success. Information is provided on the influence of the development of the psychological characteristics of preschool children on the process of independent thinking at present, and problems and solutions are discussed.

This article discusses the specifics of the conceptual principles of reforms in the field of property and entrepreneurship at a new stage of the country's development. The socio-economic development strategy being implemented in Uzbekistan is attracting local and foreign investments and achieving strong development of the property sector by creating a favorable business and investment climate.

This article covers issues such as methods for developing students' worldviews using modern pedagogical technologies today, the role of pedagogical technologies in organizing the educational process, increasing students' interest and aspirations in mastering subjects using pedagogical skills, the main tasks of pedagogical technologies, the development of students' thinking and logical thinking skills through them, manifestations of pedagogical technologies, and components of pedagogical technologies.

The article examines current issues of implementing innovative technologies in small business activities. The impact of innovative technologies on small business development and ways to increase its efficiency are considered. The effectiveness of key digital technology applications in small business - e-commerce, CRM and ERP systems, cloud services, online banking, and automation systems - has been substantiated. Based on the research results, practical recommendations for innovative development of small business have been developed.

The legal foundations of environmental relations encompass a complex interplay of national and international laws that govern the interaction between human activities and the natural environment. Recent developments in 2022, 2023, and 2024 have highlighted the increasing importance of environmental law as nations grapple with climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. Key legislative frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement and various regional accords, have underscored the necessity for cooperative governance mechanisms that address transboundary environmental issues. Furthermore, the integration of sustainable development principles into legal systems has prompted a reevaluation of existing laws to ensure they align with contemporary ecological challenges. In addition to international treaties, domestic legal structures are evolving to incorporate more robust environmental protections. The rise of litigation related to environmental harm has led courts to interpret existing laws through an ecological lens, thereby expanding the scope of accountability for corporations and governments alike. Legislative initiatives in 2023 aimed at enhancing public participation in environmental decision-making processes reflect a growing recognition of the role that civil society plays in shaping effective environmental governance. As we move forward into 2024, it is evident that the legal foundations of environmental relations will continue to adapt in response to emerging scientific insights and societal demands for sustainability.

The article discusses the question of what is nominal. The data of scientists describing the quantitative statistics of the nominative vocabulary development in speech ontogeny are given. The main groups of words in children’s speech are identified. Examples of underdeveloped nominative vocabulary of children with underdeveloped general speech are given.

This article examines the economic relations between Turkey and Uzbekistan after the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

The article is devoted to the study of the sentence in the Uyghur language. It contributes to the theoretical approach to the gynecological and ontological knowledge of speech in the Uyghur language. The Uyghur language tries to reveal the following aspects related to Gapsi. In the article, it is assumed that the sentence has a number of properties, such as meaning-giving, content conveyance, objective reality reflection, empirical and theoretical knowledge generation, so far less attention has been paid to the structure of the sentence. The ideological views of major Turkologists regarding the gradual development of the Uyghur language are scientifically based. The components of the sentence are studied. Declarative, interrogative, command and exclamatory sentences are classified.