At all stages of human history, people have tried to understand the Universe. He tried to study the essence of existence, the laws of its movement. We see that the stages of the formation of mythological, religious and scientific worldviews did not take place in a specific chronological sequence, but in most cases, if we consider them in the context of historicity, they develop one on the other. . For example, despite the fact that it is the 21st century, some elements of the mythological worldview are preserved. At the same time, the religious worldview develops in a spiral, sometimes in a strong and sometimes in a relatively weak form, manifesting itself as a way of understanding the world. The scientific approach to understanding the world, which is an integral part of the philosophical worldview, has undergone great changes, and in some cases, the owners of mythological and religious worldviews use modern scientific achievements to prove their irrational conclusions. If we take into account that all these processes take place a thousand years after the creation of Yusuf Khos Hajib, then we can understand how relevant and innovative the scientist’s views on the phenomenon of enlightenment and knowledge were even for his time.

The article analyzes the phenological views and knowledge used by the Turkic peoples in traditional types of economy, in particular, agriculture, animal husbandry and horticulture, various calendars created on the basis of knowledge collected as a result of observing celestial and natural phenomena, the role and significance of phenological knowledge in agriculture.

This article covers the linguistic and cultural foundations of the study of the fairy tale genre in folklore today, as well as the translation models found in translation research, i.e., comparative, process and variable models. Also, four standard hypotheses in world translation studies are described and described based on the phenomenon of retranslation.

In this article, the content and levels of improving the structural and functional model of methodical training of future foreign language teachers through the analysis of computer linguistics and the problems of foreign language teaching today provide pedagogical opportunities to prepare them for professional-pedagogical activities. The issues of training future foreign language teachers in a modern way, focusing on the training of specialists with deep knowledge who think creatively, and are able to solve complex social and production problems, are revealed scientifically.

For environmental education and environmental education in Chemistry, some environmental issues should be used appropriately. They serve as an excellent tool in organizing classes for future chemistry teachers.