This paper examines the evolution of Tokyo and Osaka from historical castle towns into modern mega-agglomerations. It reviews academic literature on the economic, social, political and demographic factors that drove the rapid expansion of these cities, leading to high population densities and intensified urbanization effects. The article utilizes historical population data, spatial analysis of urban morphology changes, and recent statistical data on the Tokyo and Osaka metropolitan economies. It is found that strategic location, industrialization, transportation infrastructure, rural-urban migration, suburbanization and urban consolidation policies all contributed to Tokyo and Osaka's transformation into megacities. The paper also compares and contrasts the development trajectories, geographic constraints, and agglomeration profiles of the two cities. It concludes by assessing the challenges posed by further megacity expansion in Japan.

Diabetes in the mother causes inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the vascular-tissue structures of the small intestine of the offspring born from them. Morphofunctional disorders in blood vessels play a leading role on the basis of pathomorphological disorders in the small intestine. These processes lead to trophic disturbances, dystrophic and degenerative changes in intestinal tissue structures in the late periods of postnatal ontogenesis.

Diabetes mellitus in the mother causes inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the vascular-tissue structures of the ovaries during the postnatal ontogeny of the offspring born from them. Pathomorpho-functional disorders in the internal vessels feeding the egg are the basis of the morphological disorders in the ovaries of the offspring. These processes lead to trophic disturbances, dystrophic and degenerative changes in tissue structures of the reproductive azo-ovaries in the late stages of the postnatal ontogeny of the offspring.

This article analyzed the development of socio-political thoughts in Movarounnahr in the XIV-XV centuries. In the Middle Ages, a number of sciences developed and flourished in Movarounnahr. Among these, the science of tafsir (exegesis of the Qur'an) also passed its stage of development. In the 14th and 15th centuries, science was highly developed in Movarounnahr and the knowledge of the scientists who lived and worked in that period was mentioned.

In this article the al analysis of the astronomical views of scolars who are of special importance in the natural-scientific, social-philosophic development of the Middle Ages Eastern philosophy and it’s relation to the natural -scientific philosophical views of who is the object of our work influence is considered.

This article discusses the history of development and philosophical teachings of the Chan school of Chinese Buddhism . The article also highlights the Chan school influence on the development of philosophical thought in the Far East

Reinforced viscoelastic cylindrical shells with deformable fillers are used in rocketry, aircraft construction, shipbuilding, and construction. To give greater rigidity, the thin-walled part of the shell is reinforced with ribs, while a slight increase in the weight of the structure significantly increases its strength, even if the ribs are of low height. The purpose of this work is to develop a technique, algorithm and programs for finding resonant frequencies and modes of vibration for circular ribbed viscoelastic cylindrical shells under various boundary conditions. The paper deals with vibrations of longitudinally reinforced cylindrical shell structures with a filler. The variation principle is used to study the vibrations of a thin longitudinally reinforced viscoelastic cylindrical shell under dynamic influences. Oscillatory processes of the filler and the bonded shell satisfy the Lame equations. At the contact between the shell and the filler, the conditions of rigid contact are fulfilled. The relationship between stresses and strains, for a linear viscoelastic material, is represented in the form of the Boltzmann-Voltaire integral.

This article is a verse-by-verse review of some ghazals from Alisher Navoi's book "Gharayib us-sigar". Special attention was paid to the poet's poetic skill.

This article discusses simile, which is one of the syntactic features of linguopoetics, which is very common in our fiction.

This article describes the method of determining the public's need for transport. As a result of determining the transportation needs of the population of Urganch city, proposals are made to improve the transport system of Urganch city.

The article analyzes the fact that the creation of society, which is the fruit of social relations, saved people from primitive times, and that the creation of society played an important role in the strengthening of the position of communication in people's lifestyle, the emergence of the need for transportation and its further development.

In the article, it is emphasized that today's geographical situation was different before, the current view of nature will not remain like this forever, everything in the world is constantly changing and moving based on the principles of dialectics, nothing and events cannot remain unchanged in one state, this process applies to everything.