This article highlights the importance of studying the associative field in modern linguistics today. It is known that a person perceives, understands and feels being through language. Words form certain groups in our minds. To understand their meaning, it is necessary to understand that each group is essence, the words in it are knowledge expressed through reality, meanings. In linguistics, a language like this is seen as an association to the Union of units according to their formative or logical-semantic sign. The idea of the subject and the word cannot be understood separately from each other.

Due to the paucity of information in the sources about the process of ethnic formation of Dughlats, not only the history of ethnic formation of Dughlat emirs, but also the social and political history of the XIV-XV centuries is one the issues facing researchers. Therefore, in this article, some arguments about the ethnic history of Duglats were considered.

The article analyzes the development of small business based on digital technologies globally and in Uzbekistan. Based on reports from international organizations, trends in digital trade development are studied. Problems of small business digitalization in developed and developing countries are identified. Reforms implemented in Uzbekistan to support small business are analyzed. Proposals and recommendations for further development of the sector have been developed.

This article will talk about the priority of modern interactive methods in the study of foreign languages (English-language) and the work of the educator on himself, the feeling of responsibility, the methodology of teaching a foreign language, the history of its development as a science, the types of modern methods used in the teaching methodology of foreign languages and their use. it was written that he would innovate in the lessons, ensuring that the lesson was fun and lively.

The article is devoted to the processes of first and second civilization or scientific development, which took place in Central Asia in the IX-XII and XIV-XV centuries. The article contains information about the scientific heritage of medieval scientists of the East and its significance. Information on the scientific heritage of scientists of the civilizational period and the contribution of this scientific heritage to the development of world science is also given.

This article covers the question of the implementation in life of inductive and deductive inference in adults. In the statement of his pedagogical knowledge, the question of the effective use of the rules of logic, the use of the rules of syllogism in the process of repeating, practicing and motivating what has been studied is described.

This article is dedicated to the modern interpretation of discussion, which is one of the main types of scientific and cognitive activity. The theoretical foundations of the discussion, its role in the formation of scientific knowledge and its influence on the development of critical thinking are considered. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of various approaches to organizing scientific discussions, including the use of traditional forms and digital technologies. The cognitive, methodological, and communicative aspects of discussion, as well as their influence on interdisciplinary research, are analyzed. The author emphasizes the need to improve the methods of conducting discussions in the context of digitalization of science.

The article examines foreign experience in the chemical industry. The activities of chemical industry enterprises in developed countries are based on high quality standards, innovative approaches and sustainable development.

In this article, from a philosophical and political point of view, transport corridors act as a means of institutionalizing its guiding vectors, and multimodal logistics centers act as "regulating valves" capable of increasing or limiting traffic along transport communications, play an important role in their regulation and, therefore, as a means of competition. Based on the above, it seems possible to define transport corridor zones as territories of mass transport flows organized on the basis of a single technical, managerial and legal infrastructure, important from the point of view of socio-economic development and promotion. and to determine national interests and the geopolitical landscape.

During the distillation process, a mixture is heated until it vaporizes, then is recondensed on the trays or at various stages of the column where it is drawn off and collected in a variety of overhead, sidestream, and bottom receivers. The condensate is referred to as the distillate. The liquid that does not vaporize in a column is called the residue.

The article reveals the problems of the main requirements for the level of teacher competence in Uzbek society, the educational system, authorities, students and their teachers. The purpose of the study is to identify the most pressing problems of professional competence of teachers, as well as to find ways to solve them using the example of considering and studying the shortcomings of psychological education of teachers and ways to improve competencies at this level, in the context of the introduction and development of inclusive education in the Uzbek education system. The author emphasizes the key problems in this sphere.

The article examines current issues of implementing innovative technologies in small business activities. The impact of innovative technologies on small business development and ways to increase its efficiency are considered. The effectiveness of key digital technology applications in small business - e-commerce, CRM and ERP systems, cloud services, online banking, and automation systems - has been substantiated. Based on the research results, practical recommendations for innovative development of small business have been developed.