The article discusses the fact that today the processes of development, renewal and modernization in our society are being carried out step by step, which in turn leads to sustainable development in the economic, political, social, scientific, cultural and a number of other spheres of the state. Also, special attention is paid to the essence of the concepts of modernization and transformation, and the attitudes and opinions of domestic and foreign scientists regarding the definitions of the concepts are given.

A comprehensive theoretical and analytical review of the interrelation between the optical and magnetic properties of nanostructures doped with rare-earth (RE) ions is presented. Quantum size effects, the influence of spin–orbit coupling, and the role of surface defects are examined. It is shown that controlling particle size and dopant concentration enables the targeted tuning of the magneto-optical response of the material [1–5].

This scientific article provides an in-depth analysis of the modern stages of development of the land management and land cadastre system, the scientific and methodological foundations of their digital transformation, and their impact on the efficiency of land resource management. The study scientifically substantiates the integration of geodetic measurements, GIS technologies, and remote sensing methods in increasing the accuracy and reliability of land cadastre data. The economic, legal, and environmental effectiveness of the digital land cadastre system is also assessed, and scientific conclusions and practical recommendations for its improvement are developed.

The article substantiates the processes of forming ecological awareness and culture in modern society, the introduction of new approaches to the development of ecological culture, the use of modern methods and tools, as well as the importance of coordinating actions at global and local levels. The article also identifies modern mechanisms and prospects for the development of ecological culture.

This article examines the role of Russian personal names in shaping the image of individuals and society. Personal names are analyzed not only as a means of personal identification but also as an important linguistic and cultural element reflecting social status, national identity, cultural values, and historical era. The paper examines the origins of Russian anthroponyms, their semantic features, and their functional role in fiction. Particular attention is paid to the importance of names in revealing a person's character, defining the social environment, and conveying social relations. The conclusion is that Russian personal names are an important factor demonstrating the relationship between language and society.

In the article, the author analyzes the transformation of value objects in the process of generational change in the conditions of social relations in society using the example of “prayers”, which are part of folklore in the cultural space. For all eras, a specific value object is manifested, and its variability or continuity necessarily depends on the existing socio-political and cultural characteristics. The lack of a reliable source or database at all times requires the researcher to search for specific methodological approaches. In determining the transformation of value objects in an information society, a specific approach, which has not been paid much attention to in local sociological studies, namely, the factors influencing the worldview of values in “prayers”, were analyzed. In the future, the importance of this approach may play a special role in expressing theoretical and methodological approaches in cultural anthropology and sociology of religion.

This article analyzes the transformation of Uzbekistan–Türkiye relations during the presidency of Shavkat Mirziyoyev. It examines the development of political, economic, cultural, and strategic cooperation between the two countries, as well as Uzbekistan’s growing role within the Organization of Turkic States. Special attention is given to Mirziyoyev’s initiatives on regional integration, transport and logistics corridors, green economy, and food security. The study highlights how strengthened bilateral ties and multilateral engagement contribute to regional stability and shared prosperity in the Turkic world.

By the second half of the 20th century, the conflicts between Iran and the Arab states, the political situation in the Middle East, the nature of the states that emerged in this subregion, their foreign policy directions, as well as the main directions of socio-economic development and the evolutionary processes taking place in this group of countries have aroused great interest in the international community.

This article provides a hermeneutic analysis of the fact that Ibn Miskawayh's views reflected both practical and theoretical parts of the new Platonism. This work, written in Persian and Arabic, is based on the first source.

This article explores common colloquial molds and their role in the realization of politeness strategies in contemporary English discourse. The study is conducted within the framework of pragmatics and sociolinguistics, focusing on how everyday conversational expressions contribute to maintaining social harmony and managing interpersonal relations. Relying on the politeness theory developed by Brown and Levinson, the paper analyzes the use of positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and bald on-record strategies in spoken English. Particular attention is paid to such linguistic devices as modal verbs, indirect requests, hedging expressions, inclusive forms, and compliment strategies, which serve to mitigate face-threatening acts in communication. The findings demonstrate that colloquial molds function not merely as informal speech elements but as effective pragmatic tools that enhance communicative efficiency and politeness. The study emphasizes the importance of pragmatic competence in English language learning and intercultural communication.

This article presents a philosophical and irfani study of the essence and significance of trials and tribulations in human life, based on the tafsir "Kashf al-Asrar" by Abulfazl Maybudi. In Islamic irfan, trials and tribulations are considered essential stages of the soul's purification, strengthening of knowledge, and attainment of spiritual perfection. The author, drawing on Maybudi's teachings, shows that trials are not only tests of patience and endurance but also means of achieving true knowledge, divine love, and fana (annihilation) in the will of the Almighty. Tribulations are interpreted as hidden divine gifts that guide a person from superficial perception toward a deeper understanding of existence and inner mission. The article systematically and deeply reveals the impact of trials on self-knowledge, the strengthening of willpower, and the development of a person's spiritual journey.

Mazkur maqolada sovet hokimiyati tomonidan O‘zbekistonda amalga oshirilgan savodsizlikni tugatish siyosati, uning asosiy maqsadlari, amalga oshirish mexanizmlari hamda ijtimoiy-madaniy natijalari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, mazkur siyosatning ijobiy jihatlari bilan bir qatorda, uning mafkuraviy va mustamlakachilik mohiyati ochib beriladi.