This article analyzes the formation and development of knowledge from the perspective of semiotic systematization. Knowledge is interpreted as a process through which information about the external world is transformed into a symbolic-cognitive construct by means of sensation, perception, experience, logical generalization, and social agreement. The article examines the emergence of signs, symbols, sounds, words, texts, and concepts, as well as the mechanisms by which they are transformed into knowledge, on the basis of naturalistic, conventional, anthropological, and cognitive approaches. It also distinguishes genetic, artificial, and social forms of knowledge and explains their role in human thought, experience, cultural relations, and the system of formal education.

This article examines the portrayal of childhood in 19th-century English literature from social, psychological, and cultural perspectives. Excluding the works of Charlotte Bronte and Charles Dickens’ Oliver Twist, it analyzes the depictions of childhood in the works of Thomas Hardy, Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot, and William Wordsworth. The study explores the social issues of the Victorian era, attitudes toward childhood, and the symbolic significance of child characters. Through these portrayals, authors convey social critique and psychological insights.

The article explores the image of nature in Sergei Yesenin's poetry. It examines how nature becomes a living being in his verses, reflecting the poet's inner world. Special attention is given to the symbolism of natural imagery, conveying philosophical reflections on life, time, and eternity. The article also analyzes the stylistic features that make his poems relatable and understandable to readers.

The article aims to teach the traditional and modern styles of our national art from the selection subject of traditional and modern styles in fine art in teaching the students of painting major as a painter. Information was given about its implementation and study.

This article talks about the image of snakes and dragons, which are important among the images expressed in thousands of seals and amulets found during archaeological excavations in the area of Ancient Bactria, especially in Northern Afghanistan, and about the different mythological concepts between these images.