This article focuses on the analysis of the Avestan texts, which are the primary source of Zoroastrianism. The study compares the Old Avestan texts with the Young Avestan texts. The religious views in the Old Avestan (Gathic) texts are analyzed, showing how the monotheistic principle present in these texts gradually transformed into the polytheistic elements found in the Young Avestan texts over time. The strengthening of polytheistic elements is highlighted. Although Ahura Mazda is depicted as the central deity, the influence of Mithraism, the worship of specific attributes, and other forms of belief on Zoroastrianism are discussed. Additionally, the social, political, and cultural causes behind this process are also considered. This article contributes to understanding the historical development of the Avesta.

Due to the paucity of information in the sources about the process of ethnic formation of Dughlats, not only the history of ethnic formation of Dughlat emirs, but also the social and political history of the XIV-XV centuries is one the issues facing researchers. Therefore, in this article, some arguments about the ethnic history of Duglats were considered.

The article is devoted to the processes of first and second civilization or scientific development, which took place in Central Asia in the IX-XII and XIV-XV centuries. The article contains information about the scientific heritage of medieval scientists of the East and its significance. Information on the scientific heritage of scientists of the civilizational period and the contribution of this scientific heritage to the development of world science is also given.

This article examines Al Kindi's contribution to the development of the science of philosophy, his works and views on philosophy.

In this article, some facts about the life of Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi, the great thinker and poet of the East, the great figure of Sufism, the founder of the Mavlawiya order, are considered based on the historical and spiritual information provided by the order. spiritual preachers. literary sources. Rumi clears up some of the confusion surrounding the lifestyle. It is also said about the great teachers and perfect teachers of Jalaluddin Rumi. Sayyid Burhoniddin Muhaqqiq Tirmidhi's meeting with Rumi, in Damascus Mawlana had a conversation with Sheikh ul-akbar Muhyiddin ibn Arabi in this city. Here is Afloki's story about the dialogue between Maulana and Shamsiddin in Sham. It was noted that in order to analyze and research Rumi's life, work and views, significant scientific work has been carried out in the USA and Western Europe. Rinald Nicholson should be noted as the first English scholar who seriously dealt with Roman studies. At first he knew Greek and Turkish, but because of his serious love for Persian, he learned Persian and later Arabic with his determination and unremitting efforts. Maulana's ghazals rose to the highest heights of poetry, called for truth, pleasure and charm, turning it into a symbol of wisdom. But these ghazals walk in such a world that there is a long distance between ordinary observations of life and it. No one is aware of this except the people of the unseen and Shuhud. The fact is that "Masnavi" first of all looks at such issues and concepts, establishes a connection with the essence of human life and lifestyle.

The article is devoted to the study of the scientific work of Ibn Sina, one of the great thinkers from. Based on the analysis of the perfect human being, who has taken his rightful place in the history of Sufism, the scientist's Sufi views were illuminated.

The article is devoted to the study of the scientific work of Ibn Sina, one of the great thinkers from. Based on the analysis of the perfect human being, who has taken his rightful place in the history of Sufism, the scientist's Sufi views were illuminated.

In this article, the importance of educating today's youth in the spirit of patriotism and the concept of patriotism are approached and interpreted from different angles. Patriotism means that a person appreciates his motherland and spends his energy and energy for this motherland, regardless of its field. Although this definition does not cover all aspects of patriotism, the definition is correctly understood if the word patriotism is approached in a broad sense. There are thoughts and opinions about educating young people in the spirit of patriotism.