The article examines in detail the history of cooperation between France and the European Union on migration issues, as well as the role and importance of the Schengen Agreement.

This article talks about the role of the sun god Mithras, who served as the main god in ancient Central Asia until the Zoroastrian era, in "Avesta", architectural monuments and material culture, and his role in religious views.

The changes in the spiritual image of young people are clearly manifested in the multifaceted activities aimed at ensuring the stability of the political situation within the country, maintaining national and interethnic harmony, protecting human rights and freedoms, building a new society, relying on the achievements of the globalization process, solving national problems that were neglected in the recent past, in particular, in restoring the national language, cultural and spiritual heritage, and historical memory.

The article examines current issues of implementing innovative technologies in small business activities. The impact of innovative technologies on small business development and ways to increase its efficiency are considered. The effectiveness of key digital technology applications in small business - e-commerce, CRM and ERP systems, cloud services, online banking, and automation systems - has been substantiated. Based on the research results, practical recommendations for innovative development of small business have been developed.

The connection between digital economics, artificial intelligence (AI), and promising jobs is increasingly critical as technological advancements reshape global economies. Digital economics, driven by the growth of the internet, big data, and automation, has catalyzed the emergence of AI as a powerful tool in transforming industries. AI technologies enable businesses to optimize operations, enhance decision-making processes, and improve customer experiences, fostering economic growth. However, this transformation also creates new demands for specialized skills and expertise, paving the way for a new generation of jobs. These include roles in AI development, data science, machine learning, cybersecurity, and digital marketing, which require high levels of technical knowledge and adaptability. As AI continues to evolve, the labor market must adjust, with a shift toward jobs that emphasize creativity, problem-solving, and complex human interactions, balancing automation with human expertise. Understanding this relationship is vital for policymakers, businesses, and workers to navigate the future of work in a rapidly digitizing world.

It is known that the innovative pedagogical technologies used in the educational system today are of great importance in the effectiveness of the lesson. From this point of view, this article presents scientific conclusions about innovative technologies and their application in English language classes.

In this article, the rulings based on the Hanafi madhhab of hadiths regarding the use of precious stones by women mentioned in the works of Imam Bukhari, Imam Tirmidhi, Imam Dorimi and other muhaddiths on the hadith were studied and a comparative analysis was made between the madhabs. Also, special attention is paid to the rulings mentioned in Movarounnahr fiqh sources.

The problem of personality becomes one of the most important and significant in the philosophy of the twentieth century. The work of G. Plessner belongs to a type of philosophical anthropology, which is called pedagogical anthropology. The problem of human integrity is considered. The image of a person, which is formed under the direct influence of education, is analyzed.

The legal foundations of environmental relations encompass a complex interplay of national and international laws that govern the interaction between human activities and the natural environment. Recent developments in 2022, 2023, and 2024 have highlighted the increasing importance of environmental law as nations grapple with climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. Key legislative frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement and various regional accords, have underscored the necessity for cooperative governance mechanisms that address transboundary environmental issues. Furthermore, the integration of sustainable development principles into legal systems has prompted a reevaluation of existing laws to ensure they align with contemporary ecological challenges. In addition to international treaties, domestic legal structures are evolving to incorporate more robust environmental protections. The rise of litigation related to environmental harm has led courts to interpret existing laws through an ecological lens, thereby expanding the scope of accountability for corporations and governments alike. Legislative initiatives in 2023 aimed at enhancing public participation in environmental decision-making processes reflect a growing recognition of the role that civil society plays in shaping effective environmental governance. As we move forward into 2024, it is evident that the legal foundations of environmental relations will continue to adapt in response to emerging scientific insights and societal demands for sustainability.

The article discusses the question of what is nominal. The data of scientists describing the quantitative statistics of the nominative vocabulary development in speech ontogeny are given. The main groups of words in children’s speech are identified. Examples of underdeveloped nominative vocabulary of children with underdeveloped general speech are given.

This article analyzes the study of such issues as the declaration of independence of the republic, new stages of state building, the emergence of civil society institutions and the revival of spiritual values in Arabic studies. By studying foreign coverage of the socio-political changes observed in Uzbekistan in the 90s of the 20th century, one can get acquainted with new ideas, opinions and approaches regarding the modern history of Uzbekistan.

This article explores the phenomenon of tolerance deformation in the context of postmodern society. The paper examines key factors that contribute to the distortion of the concept of tolerance, including value relativism, information overload, globalization, and excessive political correctness. Various manifestations of deformation of tolerance are analyzed, such as pseudo-tolerance, selective and aggressive tolerance. The article draws on a wide range of theoretical works and empirical studies demonstrating the complexity and multifaceted nature of the problem. Particular attention is paid to the consequences of tolerance deformation for society, including social fragmentation, erosion of moral guidelines, and increased tension. In conclusion, possible solutions to the problem are proposed based on education, development of critical thinking, and creation of platforms for open dialogue. The article emphasizes the need to rethink the concept of tolerance in the modern world in order to achieve genuine mutual understanding and respect for differences.