This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of literary translation, as well as its significance in the history of humanity and intercultural communication. The study analyzes the scientific perspectives of translation scholars such as Anna Maria Rojo, Peter Newmark, Gaybulla Salomov, and Kudrat Musaev. It highlights the specific complexities of literary translation, particularly the issues of recreating stylistic devices, national coloring, and the author's individual style in the target language. Furthermore, the article explores the distinctive features of translation between related languages versus unrelated language families and emphasizes the importance of the translator's professional skill.

Text translation, by its intrinsic nature and characteristics, undoubtedly represents a part of many fields. One of such areas is pragmatics, which is considered the necessity of influencing the progress and result of the translation process and ensures the success of the translation. The relationship between translation and pragmatics is inextricably linked, and a close study of these two fields reveals their important aspects.

This article covers some of the problems encountered in translating scientific and technical terms that are relevant today and their causes. At the same time, in translation research, encountering translation models, i.e. comparative, process and variable models are highlighted. Also, in world translation studies, four standard (explanatory, descriptive, explanatory and predictive) hypotheses are stated and described based on the phenomenon of retranslation.

This article highlights the issues related to the relations between religion and language. This connection explore the intricate relationship between religion and language, examining how these two fundamental aspects of human civilization influence and shape each other. Language serves as a vehicle for religious expression, allowing individuals and communities to articulate their beliefs, rituals, and spiritual experiences. It also plays a significant role in shaping religious identity by developing distinct terminologies, idioms, and expressions unique to each faith. Moreover, language influences the interpretation and understanding of religious texts. In multicultural and multilingual societies, language becomes crucial for interfaith dialogue, fostering tolerance and cooperation among diverse religious communities.

The article attempts to investigate briefly the causes of current situation of teaching English as a foreign language and to suggest a brief theoretical guideline that may be of help in remedying the deficiencies.