This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of the Republic of Uzbekistan gaining independence in 1991, its historical, political and social foundations. The article covers important events related to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the awakening of national consciousness, the people's desire for freedom and the declaration of independence on August 31. It also provides information about the political reforms carried out in the first years after independence, the adoption of the Constitution, and efforts to strengthen its position in the international arena. The article evaluates the path taken by Uzbekistan during the years of independence from a historical perspective and reveals the significance of independence today. This scientific work serves to strengthen historical consciousness and form a spirit of patriotism in young people.

The article analyzes the digitalization processes of small businesses in Uzbekistan. The theoretical foundations and practical significance of the use of digital technologies are covered. The reforms implemented within the framework of the "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" strategy have been studied. The advanced experiences of countries such as South Korea and Singapore have been analyzed. The current state of small business digitalization in Uzbekistan, achievements and existing problems have been identified. The main advantages and opportunities of implementing digital technologies are shown. Infrastructure, institutional and financial proposals have been developed for the further development of small business digitalization.

The article discusses the system, structure and legal status of the Road Safety Service of the Department of Public Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the place and role of this service in ensuring road safety, and reveals the role of the system in analyzing and preventing road accidents. The author critically approaches the current system and structure of the Road Safety Service and puts forward ideas about the need to reorganize it as an independent institution in a new, modern form.

The article analyzes the development of small business based on digital technologies globally and in Uzbekistan. Based on reports from international organizations, trends in digital trade development are studied. Problems of small business digitalization in developed and developing countries are identified. Reforms implemented in Uzbekistan to support small business are analyzed. Proposals and recommendations for further development of the sector have been developed.

In this article, from a philosophical and political point of view, transport corridors act as a means of institutionalizing its guiding vectors, and multimodal logistics centers act as "regulating valves" capable of increasing or limiting traffic along transport communications, play an important role in their regulation and, therefore, as a means of competition. Based on the above, it seems possible to define transport corridor zones as territories of mass transport flows organized on the basis of a single technical, managerial and legal infrastructure, important from the point of view of socio-economic development and promotion. and to determine national interests and the geopolitical landscape.

This paper examines the evolution of Tokyo and Osaka from historical castle towns into modern mega-agglomerations. It reviews academic literature on the economic, social, political and demographic factors that drove the rapid expansion of these cities, leading to high population densities and intensified urbanization effects. The article utilizes historical population data, spatial analysis of urban morphology changes, and recent statistical data on the Tokyo and Osaka metropolitan economies. It is found that strategic location, industrialization, transportation infrastructure, rural-urban migration, suburbanization and urban consolidation policies all contributed to Tokyo and Osaka's transformation into megacities. The paper also compares and contrasts the development trajectories, geographic constraints, and agglomeration profiles of the two cities. It concludes by assessing the challenges posed by further megacity expansion in Japan.

Diabetes in the mother causes inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the vascular-tissue structures of the small intestine of the offspring born from them. Morphofunctional disorders in blood vessels play a leading role on the basis of pathomorphological disorders in the small intestine. These processes lead to trophic disturbances, dystrophic and degenerative changes in intestinal tissue structures in the late periods of postnatal ontogenesis.

Diabetes mellitus in the mother causes inflammatory-dystrophic changes in the vascular-tissue structures of the ovaries during the postnatal ontogeny of the offspring born from them. Pathomorpho-functional disorders in the internal vessels feeding the egg are the basis of the morphological disorders in the ovaries of the offspring. These processes lead to trophic disturbances, dystrophic and degenerative changes in tissue structures of the reproductive azo-ovaries in the late stages of the postnatal ontogeny of the offspring.