This article analyzes economic and social cooperation between Uzbekistan and China during the 2023–2026 period. The topic’s relevance stems from China’s emergence as the republic’s largest investor and leading foreign trade partner. The study employs a qualitative analysis of documents, national statistical data, and analytical reviews, utilizing systemic, comparative-descriptive, and structural-functional methods. It was found that accumulated Chinese investment grew from less than $300 million in 2016 to $10.7 billion by mid-2025; the portfolio of joint projects exceeds $58 billion; and bilateral trade turnover reached $17.8 billion by the end of 2025. For the first time, China ranked first in terms of the number of foreign-invested enterprises in Uzbekistan (5,044 companies as of early 2026). New impacts were identified in the social sphere, including workforce training for joint manufacturing ventures, teacher training in China, and regional job creation. The study’s practical significance lies in the systematization of cooperation outcomes and the substantiation of measures to reduce asymmetry in the partnership.

The article examines the development of pupils’ lexical competence in English lessons at general secondary schools by means of digital tools. The concept of lexical competence is analysed on the basis of the views of I.S.P. Nation, N. Schmitt and S. Thornbury, and the form, meaning and use aspects of knowing a word are distinguished. The processes of noticing, retrieval and creative use of a word, together with the spacing effect and the involvement load hypothesis, are justified as the theoretical basis for selecting digital tools. Drawing on her own pedagogical observations, the author proposes a methodological model for using digital tools in line with the stages of word learning. The role of digital flashcards, online quizzes, interactive exercises and learner-created digital products at each stage is presented in table form. Problems of using digital tools are also discussed, including unequal access to devices, distraction from learning goals caused by game elements and the risk of memorising words out of context. The conclusion offers practical recommendations for English language teachers.

This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.

This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.

This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.

This article analyzes the relationship between Being and humanity in Martin Heidegger's "Letter on Humanism." It explores the philosophical foundations of his critique of traditional humanism, the specific understanding of human essence, and the role of language as a space for the revelation of Being. It demonstrates that humanity is viewed not as the center of existence, but as one called to preserve the truth of Being. Hermeneutic and comparative philosophical methods are employed. The results demonstrate the relevance of Heidegger's ideas for contemporary understanding of human identity and spiritual values ​​in the context of global transformations. Keywords: Being, humanity, humanism, language, existence, Heidegger, philosophical anthropology.

This article discusses the pedagogical possibilities of using digital assessment tools for quick and objective assessment of students' knowledge in history lessons. In particular, the mechanism of operation of the Plickers platform, the methodology for using it in teaching history, its advantages and some limitations are analyzed. The research used methods of pedagogical observation, analysis of scientific and methodological literature, comparison, and modeling of a model lesson situation. The stages of organizing formative assessment using Plickers were developed on the examples of the topics "Amir Temur's State", "World War I", "World War II", and "Europe in the Middle Ages". According to the results of the analysis, the platform allows you to increase student activity in the lesson, determine the level of mastery of the topic in real time, save individual results, and justify the teacher's subsequent pedagogical decisions. Since Plickers does not require a separate mobile device from students, it is a convenient digital assessment tool that can be used even in classes with limited technical capabilities.

This article investigates the specific problems, theoretical foundations, and innovative solutions of teaching Alisher Navoi's ghazals in secondary schools, specifically based on the experience of general education school No. 4 in the Oqoltin district of the Syrdarya region, using the international IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) standard. During the research, interactive pedagogical technologies, a specialized system of working with a dictionary, and cognitive approaches were tested to develop students' skills in understanding and analyzing classical texts. The obtained results demonstrated that the analytical-logical approach is highly effective compared to the traditional memorization methodology.

This study evaluates the economic efficiency of no-code development platforms using mathematical modelling and comparative scenario analysis. Traditional and no-code development approaches are compared in terms of initial cost, maintenance cost, development time, productivity, return on investment (ROI), net present value (NPV), and approximate payback period. The analysis assumes a six-month evaluation horizon, a gross economic benefit of USD 4,500, and a 10% discount rate. The results indicate that the no-code approach reduces total six-month costs by 85% and development time by 83.3%. The calculated ROI equals 40.6% for traditional development and 837.5% for no-code development. The corresponding NPV values are USD 890.9 and USD 3,610.9. These findings suggest that no-code tools may provide substantial economic advantages for repetitive, standardized, and moderately complex business processes, although platform dependence and limited support for complex algorithms remain important constraints.

This scientific article examines the multifaceted impact of social networks on the lives of young people. In today's digital environment, social networks significantly influence the way youth communicate, access information, their psychological well-being, and social relationships. The article analyzes the widespread use of platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and Telegram among young people, as well as their positive and negative consequences. The study presents evidence proving that social networks affect the academic performance, physical health, mental state, and socialization process of young people.

This article analyzes the socio-spiritual significance of the Jadid movement that formed in Central Asia in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It examines the educational reforms implemented by Jadid enlighteners, innovations in the fields of press, literature, and theater, as well as their efforts in national identity awareness and modernization of society. The article analyzes the activities and ideas of Jadid representatives such as Mahmudkhoja Behbudiy, Abdulla Avloniy, Abdurauf Fitrat, Munavvar qori Abdurashidkhonov, and highlights their contribution to the socio-spiritual life of the region.

This study investigates the optical and structural properties of thermally evaporated cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin films with emphasis on quantum confinement effects associated with nanoscale grains (quantum-dot-like features). CdTe is a II–VI semiconductor with a direct band gap near 1.45 eV and high absorption coefficient in the visible range, making it attractive for photovoltaic and infrared optoelectronic applications. CdTe films were deposited by thermal evaporation onto three substrate types: glass (sample No. 04), photoglass (sample No. 06), and sitall (sample No. 07). Optical spectra were measured in the 200–1200 nm range, revealing strong ultraviolet absorption attributed to high-energy interband transitions. A systematic blue shift of the absorption edge was observed for the sitall-based film, indicating an increase in the optical band gap that is consistent with quantum size effects. Band-gap energies were extracted from Tauc plots for direct transitions, yielding ~1.45 eV for the glass substrate (close to bulk CdTe) and higher values (~1.48–1.52 eV) for photoglass and sitall films. Structural characterization by SEM/EDS and AFM indicates nanoscale grains and a tellurium-rich composition, which is favorable for p-type conductivity. The dielectric response was interpreted using a Drude–Lorentz model, where the Drude term accounts for free-carrier effects that enhance infrared reflectance for photoglass and sitall substrates. The results demonstrate that substrate selection and deposition conditions can tune both the optical band gap and free-carrier response of CdTe films, enabling optimization for solar-cell absorber layers and infrared photodetector applications. Future work will focus on controlled doping and process optimization to improve uniformity and device-relevant performance.