This article analyzes the economic essence of human resources and labor resources management, their theoretical and methodological foundations, and their distinguishing features. The approaches of classical and modern economic schools to these concepts are summarized, and the structural stages of the human resource management process are scientifically substantiated and systematized. The dynamics of labor resources and the employment market in the Republic of Uzbekistan in recent years are also analyzed based on official statistical data and visualized through tables and diagrams. The experience of human resource management in foreign countries was analyzed comparatively, and scientifically based recommendations were developed to improve this system in the context of the national economy.