This scientific article studies the lexical transformation of proverbs in the work "Kutadgu Bilig" in Turkish. The process of lexical transformation in the work helps to understand the process of language development. Studying this process helps linguists to determine the historical development of the language, the changes in lexical units, and cultural influences. Lexical transformations enrich the language and expand its functional capabilities.

This paper explores the agricultural terminology of the Hindi language, focusing on its origin, linguistic features, and comparison with Uzbek equivalents. The study reveals that Hindi agricultural terms have deep historical roots, derived from Sanskrit, Persian, and English, and are constantly evolving under the influence of modern technology. The analysis highlights their semantic clarity, cultural relevance, and significance for comparative linguistic research. Introduction. Language reflects every aspect of human activity, including economic and agricultural life. Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy, with the majority of the population engaged in farming. As a result, Hindi has developed a rich and diverse system of agricultural terminology. This thesis aims to analyze the structure, meaning, and development of Hindi agricultural terms and to compare them with similar terms in the Uzbek language.

Motivation plays a crucial role in determining learners’ success in acquiring a foreign language. This study investigates the relationship between students’ motivation and their English language achievement among university students in Uzbekistan. A quantitative correlational design was employed using a motivation questionnaire and students’ academic results. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between motivation and English achievement, indicating that students with higher motivation levels performed better in their English courses. The study also found that intrinsic motivation had a stronger influence on achievement compared to extrinsic motivation. The results highlight the importance of motivational strategies in English language teaching and suggest practical implications for educators.

Language is one of the most important foundations of human culture. It is not only a means of communication, but also an integral part of thinking, culture, society and history. Linguistics, on the other hand, is the science that studies this complex system and includes various approaches, theories and techniques. At the same time, there are many problems in linguistics that still require scientific research and analysis.anguage is one of the most important foundations of human culture. It is not only a means of communication.

The teaching of specialized subjects within the training of future foreign language teachers is pivotal for developing educators who are proficient in the language and equipped with tailored pedagogical skills. This article examines current methodologies in Uzbekistan, identifies gaps, and proposes strategies for enhancement, integrating technological advancements, interdisciplinary approaches, and active learning techniques. By refining these methodologies, teacher training programs in Uzbekistan can better prepare educators to meet the demands of contemporary language education.