This article examines the process of the formation of the Karakhanid state, which was formed in Central Asia in the second half of the 10th century, in terms of political and ethno-geopolitical factors. It reveals the processes of unification of Turkic tribes such as the Karluk, Chigil and Yagmo. The study of the history of the Karakhanid dynasty is still a relevant issue in Uzbek historiography. After all, during the reign of the Karakhanids, the Turkic Uzbek people were fully formed and developed socially, economically and culturally.