The article presents the results of sociological research to compare the opinions of ancient philosophers about freedom with different interpretations and modern views. In particular, in the process of comparison, their opinions were considered in addition to their relevance and different from each other, i.e. differentiation sides. Many studies show that it is not possible to define the concept of freedom in one way, its first interpretations go back to ancient times, and they can be taken as the basis of all points of view. In the research presented in this article, an attempt was made to justify these theses through a sociological survey. The results of the research are summarized and the issue of freedom is still relevant today.

This article describes the history of the inclusion of objects of material cultural heritage of Uzbekistan in the UNESCO list. In this regard, conclusions are drawn about the work carried out in our country.

The article focuses on the bioecological characteristics of aphids, which are considered a pest of fruit trees. In this article, the seasonal development of E. lanigerum aphids in the conditions of the specified area, the life cycle, i.e., the characteristics of the aphids, such as the period of exiting the winter stage depending on the ambient temperature, have been separately researched. This type of aphid significantly damages the development of trees, yield and quality of fruits. They feed on the bodies of apples, young branches, leaves, plant parts, absorbing carbohydrates. Many young shoots infected with aphids stop growing and dry up. The fruits of the harvested trees are small in appearance and contain little sugar. In the conditions of the Fergana Valley, 4 types of aphids (Aphis pomi De Geer, Eriosoma lanigerium, Dezaphis affinis, Dezaphis Mali.) are pests of apples. In the course of our research, it was once again confirmed that E. lanigerium sap is second only to A. pomi in terms of causing damage in valley conditions. Taking into account the above situation, the life cycle, biology and ecological features of Eriosoma Lanigerum are noted.

For environmental education and environmental education in Chemistry, some environmental issues should be used appropriately. They serve as an excellent tool in organizing classes for future chemistry teachers.