State Security of Uzbekistan: Challenges and Prospects amid Global Transformations. State security in Uzbekistan is analyzed as a cornerstone of national sovereignty and development. In an era of globalization, the country encounters a spectrum of threats ranging from international terrorism and transnational crime to cyber vulnerabilities and geopolitical instability. This article identifies the key challenges to Uzbekistan’s state security, examines their causes and implications, and suggests avenues for strengthening national security mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the role of civil society, the evolution of the legal framework, and the need for cooperative relations with international partners. Drawing on historical context and current trends, the paper articulates a strategic outlook for developing a resilient and adaptive security system. It advocates a comprehensive approach that integrates legal, social, and technological measures while upholding human rights and promoting sustainable development.

In order to reveal the essence of the processes of social transformation, the article analyzes the processes leading to structural changes in the state, society, life, activities and worldview of the individual. Also presented are opinions and comments on the impact of the transformation process on the national mentality and national consciousness.

This scientific study analyzes the development of modern educational processes based on international norms and indicators, as well as their adaptation to local conditions. It examines legal education approaches widely applied in global practice, particularly the design of curricula based on competencies, the expansion of academic freedom, and the strengthening of mechanisms for monitoring education quality. These aspects are studied in comparison with reforms in national education policy. In addition, the research explores the challenges that arise in aligning the national legal system with global standards, their socio-legal consequences, and possible solutions. The theoretical foundation of the study is based on the documents of international organizations in the field of education, advanced foreign experiences, and the requirements of national legislation. As a result, conceptual directions have been developed for achieving high-quality indicators in the legal field through improving the content and methodology of education, enhancing staff qualifications, and expanding international cooperation.

This article analyzes the role of international experience and cooperation in ensuring transparency in public administration in Uzbekistan. It examines the mechanisms of implementing openness policies in different countries, particularly in the Scandinavian states, the United States, and the European Union, highlighting their advantages and effective aspects. The study also explores Uzbekistan’s recent reforms aimed at promoting transparency, including the development of the e-government system, the open data portal, the establishment of People’s Reception Offices, and cooperation with international organizations. The article emphasizes the necessity of adapting international practices to local conditions and proposes prospective directions for further advancement of transparency policies.

This article examines the phenomenon of “mosque diplomacy” through the lens of historical, cultural, and political processes – from the early Islamic period to modern Uzbekistan. Mosques are analyzed not only as places of worship but also as centers for disseminating information, establishing diplomatic relations, providing education, and fostering social cohesion. The study highlights the geopolitical goals of “soft power” policies implemented through the construction and restoration of mosques in Central Asia. Using the example of the restoration of the Langar Ota Mosque with U.S. support, the article demonstrates how cultural heritage sites can strengthen international cooperation, mutual trust, and intercultural dialogue.

This article provides a thorough analysis of the international relations system and the ongoing geopolitical transformation processes in the Near and Middle East. It examines the rivalry among major geopolitical powers, strategic interests of external actors, competition for natural resources, religious and ethnic conflicts, and regional security issues.

This article analyzes the geopolitical significance of Arctic shipping routes in the context of global climate change, energy security and international cooperation. The main focus is on the role of Russia and China in the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), as well as the prospects for their strategic partnership in the Arctic region. The paper examines the international legal aspects of navigation in the Arctic, economic benefits and risks, as well as the geostrategic interests of key global actors. An analysis of existing scientific literature, government strategies and interstate agreements is provided. The results of the study demonstrate the growing importance of the Arctic in world politics and emphasize the need for joint efforts by Russia and China for the sustainable development of the region.

The article examines Japan's modern economic diplomacy. The aim of the study is to analyze the economic potential of the land of the rising sun, as well as its participation in international organizations. The main conclusion is that Japan's economic diplomacy is a powerful tool that combines trade, investment and development assistance to strengthen global and regional influence. The prospects for economic diplomacy are also associated with deepening digitalization, expanding green projects and strengthening regional structures, which will allow Japan to maintain competitiveness in a multipolar world.

This article examines Orientalism as a persistent ideological and political construct employed in the framework of state foreign policy strategies. Based on the analysis of political and media discourse, the key mechanisms of using Orientalist representations to legitimize interventions, construct the image of the «Other» and redistribute influence in global politics are identified. The results demonstrate that Orientalism remains significant as a tool of symbolic and practical domination, adapting to new geopolitical conditions.

In Arthur Schopenhauer's The World of Will, the concepts of will and imagination are interpreted as the main points of philosophy. Will is seen as the metaphysical essence of the world, and imagination as its appearance. Schopenhauer's philosophy, inspired by Eastern teachings, in particular Buddhism and Hinduism, creates a synthesis with Western metaphysics, emphasizing the irrational force of will, which leads to suffering in human life. He believes that freedom can be achieved through art, morality, and asceticism. This philosophy was revolutionary in its time, influencing Nietzsche, Freud, and existentialism.

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the process of the Republic of Uzbekistan gaining independence in 1991, its historical, political and social foundations. The article covers important events related to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the awakening of national consciousness, the people's desire for freedom and the declaration of independence on August 31. It also provides information about the political reforms carried out in the first years after independence, the adoption of the Constitution, and efforts to strengthen its position in the international arena. The article evaluates the path taken by Uzbekistan during the years of independence from a historical perspective and reveals the significance of independence today. This scientific work serves to strengthen historical consciousness and form a spirit of patriotism in young people.

The “Work for Hire” doctrine is an important concept in the field of intellectual property rights (especially copyright), which determines who owns and who owns the rights to works produced for payment or contract for the performance of work. Although this doctrine developed mainly in US law, its influence is felt globally. In English law, copyright was primarily viewed as a personal right. Copyright belonged to the creator of the work, who had full rights over his work. However, the concept of the ownership of copyright by the employer (for example, work performed by an employee or employee) began to find its place in English law, especially for production and work performed under certain contracts. The following is an analysis of the main stages in the historical development of the work for hire doctrine.