This article analyzes the geopolitical significance of Arctic shipping routes in the context of global climate change, energy security and international cooperation. The main focus is on the role of Russia and China in the development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), as well as the prospects for their strategic partnership in the Arctic region. The paper examines the international legal aspects of navigation in the Arctic, economic benefits and risks, as well as the geostrategic interests of key global actors. An analysis of existing scientific literature, government strategies and interstate agreements is provided. The results of the study demonstrate the growing importance of the Arctic in world politics and emphasize the need for joint efforts by Russia and China for the sustainable development of the region.

The ecological ideal is an exemplary model of social structure based on balanced relationships between humans and nature. This important concept reflects the urgent needs of the modern world. It is not a mere dream or utopian goal, but rather represents one of the most pressing tasks facing humanity. The concept of ecological ideal is being discussed on such a broad scale for the first time in human history, and this is not without reason.

The article analyzes the work carried out in the Surkhandarya region of Western Uzbekistan to improve the ecological situation and their results. It also presents proposals on the existing problems in the field and ways to eliminate them.