This paper explores the agricultural terminology of the Hindi language, focusing on its origin, linguistic features, and comparison with Uzbek equivalents. The study reveals that Hindi agricultural terms have deep historical roots, derived from Sanskrit, Persian, and English, and are constantly evolving under the influence of modern technology. The analysis highlights their semantic clarity, cultural relevance, and significance for comparative linguistic research. Introduction. Language reflects every aspect of human activity, including economic and agricultural life. Agriculture plays a vital role in India’s economy, with the majority of the population engaged in farming. As a result, Hindi has developed a rich and diverse system of agricultural terminology. This thesis aims to analyze the structure, meaning, and development of Hindi agricultural terms and to compare them with similar terms in the Uzbek language.

This study examines the effectiveness of the 2R2D (Reading, Reflection, Discussion, and Discussion) method in teaching Persian in religious schools in Uzbekistan. Since Persian is an important language in Islamic theology, improving students’ Persian language skills is essential for understanding religious texts. The 2R2D method combines active reading, critical thinking, collaborative discussion, and structured discussions to develop language comprehension, critical thinking, and theological discussion skills. The study uses mixed methods, including classroom observations, tests, and student feedback to assess the impact of the method. Preliminary results indicate that the 2R2D method improves Persian language acquisition while increasing students’ engagement in religious content.

This article analyzes relations between the countries of Central Asia and the Arab countries of the Persian Gulf. The role of the Sultanate of Oman in regional cooperation based on a neutral foreign policy strategy will be particularly studied.