This article describes the initial mythological views and their manifestation in the form of various symbols. The etymology of the main concepts of mythology: totem, fetish and anima is analyzed. The struggle between goodness and evil in Zoroastrian mythology and their manifestation in the personifications of various gods and giants, as well as the folk heroes and personifications of goodness narrated in Avesta mythology, are highlighted.

In this article, priceless collections of ancient glyptics and sphragistics with unique images found through looting excavations in thousands of graves in Ancient Bactria, especially in Northern Afghanistan, the formation of images on seals and amulets,their similarities and differences with the images of seals and amulets of the Sopolly culture are discussed