This article analyzes the characteristics of geographical indications and the mechanisms for guaranteeing product quality from a theoretical and legal perspective. Geographical indications are intellectual property objects whose quality, reputation or other distinctive features are associated with a specific territory. The study highlights the main characteristics of geographical indications: their territorial specificity, historical and cultural significance, as well as the influence of natural and human factors on product quality. The article also examines quality assurance systems: internal control by producers and continuous monitoring by official intellectual property authorities. Special attention is paid to the difficulties of balancing the rights of producers and the interests of consumers, as well as the effectiveness of quality control. The study concludes that a solid legal framework and systematic quality control mechanisms are essential for maintaining the authenticity and reputation of products linked to geographical indications.