This article examines the scientific and theoretical foundations of literary translation, as well as its significance in the history of humanity and intercultural communication. The study analyzes the scientific perspectives of translation scholars such as Anna Maria Rojo, Peter Newmark, Gaybulla Salomov, and Kudrat Musaev. It highlights the specific complexities of literary translation, particularly the issues of recreating stylistic devices, national coloring, and the author's individual style in the target language. Furthermore, the article explores the distinctive features of translation between related languages versus unrelated language families and emphasizes the importance of the translator's professional skill.