This article is about the methods of forming railway transport terms in Pashto, how they entered the Pashto language, how these terms have become widespread and common today, and some of their phonetic changes in Pashto.

The article analyzes the digitalization processes of small businesses in Uzbekistan. The theoretical foundations and practical significance of the use of digital technologies are covered. The reforms implemented within the framework of the "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" strategy have been studied. The advanced experiences of countries such as South Korea and Singapore have been analyzed. The current state of small business digitalization in Uzbekistan, achievements and existing problems have been identified. The main advantages and opportunities of implementing digital technologies are shown. Infrastructure, institutional and financial proposals have been developed for the further development of small business digitalization.

The article discusses the system, structure and legal status of the Road Safety Service of the Department of Public Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the place and role of this service in ensuring road safety, and reveals the role of the system in analyzing and preventing road accidents. The author critically approaches the current system and structure of the Road Safety Service and puts forward ideas about the need to reorganize it as an independent institution in a new, modern form.

We know that today the world is developing rapidly. This development affects the cognitive processes, individual psychological characteristics, emotional-volitional spheres of people. At the same time, the fact that the main factor of individual activity is need, and at the same time the increase in needs indicates the increasing importance of studying our psyche from the perspective of modern psychology. Based on this, in this article we will consider the influence of abilities on the economic orientation of a person.

This article discusses the methodology for teaching preschool children to think independently today, and the fact that taking into account the psychological and pedagogical characteristics inherent in children in preschool educational institutions when guiding them to think independently is a guarantee of success. Information is provided on the influence of the development of the psychological characteristics of preschool children on the process of independent thinking at present, and problems and solutions are discussed.

This article covers the attitude of philosophers during the medieval eastern Awakening and Western Renaissance to the phenomenon of morality. Within the framework of the Islamic Enlightenment formed between the 9th and 12th centuries, such great thinkers as Abu Nasr Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn Rushd and al–Ghazzali studied the topic of morality not only from a religious-philosophical point of view, but also from a social, political and pedagogical point of view. The Western Renaissance, on the other hand, brought moral concepts to a new level throughout Europe through the enlightened revolution that began in Italy in the 14th and 16th centuries. Thinkers such as Thomas Aquinas, Dante Alighieri, Erazm Rotterdam, and Nicollo Machiavelli interpreted Ethics in different directions in the process of moving from religious thought to a secular worldview. The article will conduct a comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of the two periods and highlight the harmony of the phenomenon of morality with Dionate, political events, cultural development and science. As a result, the modern relevance of this heritage, which was formed during the medieval eastern Awakening and the Western Renaissance, is also shown.

This article covers the changes in women's clothing in Surkhan oasis in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the early twentieth century, due to the spread of factory fabrics and the advent of sewing machines in the region, issues such as the emergence of colorful patterns, patterns, patterns and new "embroidered" clothes on women's national costumes were analyzed on the basis of historical and ethnographic materials.

Another important player in the region is the United States, with which Algeria also develops close strategic ties on security issues. Washington and Algeria established diplomatic relations in 1962, after Algeria gained independence. Algeria broke off relations with the United States in 1967 after the Arab-Israeli War, but restored them in 1974. Russia remains a traditionally important partner for Algeria, given that the new leadership of this country has long-standing ties with Russia. The programmatic document defining relations between the two countries is the Declaration on Strategic Partnership of 2001. The agreement providing for such a partnership was the first between Russia and an Arab country.

This article studies the pedagogical conditions for teaching special subjects based on an integrative-modular approach, and the issue of continuously improving the professional education process in the world, developing the professional training of future specialists, and teaching special subjects based on innovative educational technologies, which are an important part of professional training in professional educational institutions, is being actively studied

The article analyzes the issue of the relevance of the Uzbek ethnoculture and its fundamental ideas, values, and views, which are striving to preserve their identity in the process of ideological struggles as a result of the intensification of the information flow on a global scale and the spread of various false values, the relevance of the national idea and ideology today, the self-awareness of the Nation, its affirmation as a carrier of certain material and spiritual values, its belonging to a certain ethnic unity, state, language, culture, customs, traditions and values, and the need and specific ways to develop and enrich them. Also, the importance of the issue of preserving national values and passing them on to future generations today is presented, its philosophical and scientific foundations are presented.

This аrticle exаmines the sоciо-philоsоphicаl аnаlysis оf the develоpment оf gender equаlity аnd sоciаl prоtectiоn оf wоmen in the new Uzbekistаn (using the exаmple оf 2016-2024). The meаsures tаken in оur cоuntry in recent yeаrs оn gender equаlity, the decisiоns, strаtegies аnd lаws аdоpted in this аreа, аnd the prоblems аnd sоlutiоns аre highlighted.

In the Department of Surgery for Congenital Heart Defects, surgical correction of abnormal pulmonary vein drainage was performed in 221 patients. Echocardiographic examination was performed in all 221 (100%) operated patients before correction and in 119 (53.85%) patients in the long term after surgery. The comparative results of echocardiography with preoperative data obtained in 119 patients in the period from 1 year to 10 (on average, 6.7±0.16) years were studied in this scientific study. At the same time, on the basis of Echocardiography, analyzing their own material, the authors tried to assess the adequacy of the performed operation. For this purpose, the echocardiogram was examined before and after surgery in the long term. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of echocardiographic parameters in the long term after surgical treatment of abnormal possession of pulmonary veins.